Musculoskeletal Geometry, Muscle Architecture and Functional Specialisations of the Mouse Hindlimb.
Musculoskeletal Geometry, Muscle Architecture and Functional Specialisations of the Mouse Hindlimb.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0147669
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Wells DJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Charles JP;Cappellari O;Spence AJ;Hutchinson JR;Wells DJ
小鼠是最常用的实验室动物之一，存在广泛的疾病模型，包括许多神经肌肉疾病。后肢是特别感兴趣的，由于几个密切的肌肉类似物/同源物的人类和其他物种。然而，缺乏描述成年形态的详细解剖学研究。本研究详细描述了小鼠后肢和骨盆的肌肉骨骼几何形状和骨骼肌结构，确定肌肉适应其功能的程度，从其结构中推断。使用I2 KI增强microCT扫描和数字分割，可以识别出属于9个功能组的后肢和骨盆的39个不同肌肉。通过显微解剖确定了这些肌肉的结构，揭示了功能组之间强烈的结构专业化。髋关节伸肌和髋关节内收肌对高收缩速度和关节控制的适应性明显强于远端功能组，后者表现出更大的生理横截面积和更长的肌腱，适应于高力输出和弹性能量节省。这些结果表明，在肌肉结构的近端-远端梯度存在于小鼠后肢。这种梯度被认为有助于运动的稳定性和效率。这里提出的数据将是特别有价值的任何研究，重点是建筑或大体解剖的小鼠后肢和骨盆肌肉组织，但也使用任何人感兴趣的功能意义的肌肉设计与四足运动。
Mice are one of the most commonly used laboratory animals, with an extensive array of disease models in existence, including for many neuromuscular diseases. The hindlimb is of particular interest due to several close muscle analogues/homologues to humans and other species. A detailed anatomical study describing the adult morphology is lacking, however. This study describes in detail the musculoskeletal geometry and skeletal muscle architecture of the mouse hindlimb and pelvis, determining the extent to which the muscles are adapted for their function, as inferred from their architecture. Using I2KI enhanced microCT scanning and digital segmentation, it was possible to identify 39 distinct muscles of the hindlimb and pelvis belonging to nine functional groups. The architecture of each of these muscles was determined through microdissections, revealing strong architectural specialisations between the functional groups. The hip extensors and hip adductors showed significantly stronger adaptations towards high contraction velocities and joint control relative to the distal functional groups, which exhibited larger physiological cross sectional areas and longer tendons, adaptations for high force output and elastic energy savings. These results suggest that a proximo-distal gradient in muscle architecture exists in the mouse hindlimb. Such a gradient has been purported to function in aiding locomotor stability and efficiency. The data presented here will be especially valuable to any research with a focus on the architecture or gross anatomy of the mouse hindlimb and pelvis musculature, but also of use to anyone interested in the functional significance of muscle design in relation to quadrupedal locomotion.