Income distribution inequality, globalization, and innovation: A general equilibrium simulation
Income distribution inequality, globalization, and innovation: A general equilibrium simulation
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收入分配不平等、全球化和创新：一般均衡模拟
DOI：
10.1016/j.matcom.2012.08.001
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发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Toshitaka Fukiharu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Toshitaka Fukiharu
本文通过对传统的Heckscher-Ohlin模型进行修正，运用模拟方法考察了一个国家的收入分配不平等是否会因全球化和/或创新而扩大。首先，独立于金融，全球化是检查一个国家A有两个行业（商品）和四个消费者：（总）工人，（总）资本家，和两个企业家。研究表明，全球化使不平等有明显的扩大趋势。此外，当国家A很小时，促进不平等的趋势更强。第二，创新是独立于全球化的，通过引入第三产业（商品）和第三产业企业家的过程，这样就有了五个消费者。当创新在自给自足的A国出现时，创新具有导致不平等扩大的趋势。最后，创新和全球化是在一个综合的方式进行审查。我们从第二种情况的国家开始。研究表明，当新第三种商品仅在A国生产且为非贸易商品时，不平等倾向于通过全球化扩大。此外，当第三种商品在两国都有生产，并且是贸易商品时，我们有更强的倾向。因此，通过全球化和/或创新，不平等有明显的扩大趋势。
Utilizing simulation approach, this paper examines if the income distribution inequality of a country expands throughglobalization and/or innovation, somewhat modifying the traditional Heckscher–Ohlin model. First, independently ofinnovation, theglobalizationis examined for a country A with two industries (commodities) and four consumers: the (aggregate) worker, the (aggregate) capitalist, and two entrepreneurs. It is shown that there is a clear tendency for the inequality to expand byglobalization. Furthermore, when country A is small, the inequality-promoting tendency is stronger. Second, theinnovationis examined independently ofglobalization, by the procedure in which thenew-third industry (commodity) and thenew-third entrepreneur are introduced, so that there are five consumers. Wheninnovationemerges in country A in autarky, it is shown that theinnovationhas tendency to cause inequality expansion. Finally, theinnovationandglobalizationare examined in an integrated manner. We start with the country in the second case. It is shown that when thenew-third commodity is produced only in country A and is anon-tradedcommodity, inequality tends to expand through theglobalization. It is shown, furthermore, that when the third commodity is produced in both countries and is atradedcommodity, we have stronger tendency. Thus, there is a clear tendency for the inequality to expand through theglobalization and/or innovation.