Manipulating plant microbiomes in the field: Native mycorrhizae advance plant succession and improve native plant restoration
Manipulating plant microbiomes in the field: Native mycorrhizae advance plant succession and improve native plant restoration
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DOI：
10.1111/1365-2664.14036
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发表时间：
2021-10-05
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Bever, James D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Koziol, Liz;Bauer, Jonathan T.;Bever, James D.
植物微生物群对植物的健康至关重要，在人为干扰下会发生退化。然而，在生态修复中，重建原生微生物群落的价值很少被考虑。丛枝菌根(AM)真菌是特别重要的微生物组分，因为它们与大多数植物有关，而且演替后期的草地植物对天然AM真菌反应强烈。在美国五个不同的地点，我们在演替中后期的植物幼苗上接种了三种本地微生物组改良剂中的一种：(A)从伊利诺伊州、堪萨斯州或俄克拉何马州当地古老、未受干扰的草原社区收集的整个根际土壤，(B)实验室培养的来自这些古老草原地点的AM真菌，或(C)没有微生物组改良剂。我们还在每个修复体上播种了不同的本地种子混合物。对植株的建立和生长进行了三个生长季节的跟踪观察。从本地生态系统重新引入土壤微生物群改善了恢复设施。只包括本地丛枝菌根真菌群落，在植物建立方面产生了与整个土壤微生物组改良剂相似的改善。这些发现在植物功能群中是强有力的。接种的植物(用AM真菌或全土改良)在三个生长季节也长出更多的叶子，通常长得更高。合成与应用。我们的研究表明，菌根真菌可以促进植物演替，重新引入全土壤和实验室培养的原生菌根真菌可以作为工具来改善人为干扰后的原生植物恢复。
The plant microbiome is critical to plant health and is degraded with anthropogenic disturbance. However, the value of re-establishing the native microbiome is rarely considered in ecological restoration. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are particularly important microbiome components, as they associate with most plants, and later successional grassland plants are strongly responsive to native AM fungi. With five separate sites across the United States, we inoculated mid- and late successional plant seedlings with one of three types of native microbiome amendments: (a) whole rhizosphere soil collected from local old-growth, undisturbed grassland communities in Illinois, Kansas or Oklahoma, (b) laboratory cultured AM fungi from these same old-growth grassland sites or (c) no microbiome amendment. We also seeded each restoration with a diverse native seed mixture. Plant establishment and growth was followed for three growing seasons. The reintroduction of soil microbiome from native ecosystems improved restoration establishment. Including only native arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities produced similar improvements in plant establishment as what was found with whole soil microbiome amendment. These findings were robust across plant functional groups. Inoculated plants (amended with either AM fungi or whole soil) also grew more leaves and were generally taller during the three growing seasons. Synthesis and applications. Our research shows that mycorrhizal fungi can accelerate plant succession and that the reintroduction of both whole soil and laboratory cultivated native mycorrhizal fungi can be used as tools to improve native plant restoration following anthropogenic disturbance.