Improvements to Emergy evaluations by using Life Cycle Assessment.
Improvements to Emergy evaluations by using Life Cycle Assessment.
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DOI：
10.1021/es203440n
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发表时间：
2012-04
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
B. Rugani;E. Benetto
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
B. Rugani;E. Benetto
生命周期评价（LCA）是一种被广泛认可的、多准则的、标准化的产品和过程环境评价工具。作为一种独立的评价方法，能值评估已被证明是一个有前途的和相对新颖的工具。这一技术在过去十年中得到了广泛的认可，但仍然面临方法上的困难，使其无法被更广泛的利益攸关方所接受。本文旨在阐明生命周期评价对能值评价的基本要求。尽管它能够比较生产系统中包含的资源量，但能值会计程序模糊，缺乏准确性，可重复性和完整性。能值评估的改进可以通过以下方式实现：（1）在生命周期清单（LCI）中技术性地实施能值代数;（2）选择一致的单位能值（UEV）作为生命周期影响评估（LCIA）的表征因素;以及（3）扩展LCI系统边界，以包括通常被能值考虑但在LCA中排除的支持系统（例如，生态系统服务和人类劳动）。而能值规则必须适应生命周期结构，LCA应该扩大其库存，给能值一个更广泛的计算框架。用于LCA的矩阵求逆原理也被提出作为一种替代方案，以始终占大量的资源UEV。
Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a widely recognized, multicriteria and standardized tool for environmental assessment of products and processes. As an independent evaluation method, emergy assessment has shown to be a promising and relatively novel tool. The technique has gained wide recognition in the past decade but still faces methodological difficulties which prevent it from being accepted by a broader stakeholder community. This review aims to elucidate the fundamental requirements to possibly improve the Emergy evaluation by using LCA. Despite its capability to compare the amount of resources embodied in production systems, Emergy suffers from its vague accounting procedures and lacks accuracy, reproducibility, and completeness. An improvement of Emergy evaluations can be achieved via (1) technical implementation of Emergy algebra in the Life Cycle Inventory (LCI); (2) selection of consistent Unit Emergy Values (UEVs) as characterization factors for Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA); and (3) expansion of the LCI system boundaries to include supporting systems usually considered by Emergy but excluded in LCA (e.g., ecosystem services and human labor). Whereas Emergy rules must be adapted to life-cycle structures, LCA should enlarge its inventory to give Emergy a broader computational framework. The matrix inversion principle used for LCAs is also proposed as an alternative to consistently account for a large number of resource UEVs.