Oecd Territorial Reviews: Competitive Cities in the Global Economy - Edited by Lamia Kamal-Chaoui
Oecd Territorial Reviews: Competitive Cities in the Global Economy - Edited by Lamia Kamal-Chaoui
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经合组织领土审查：全球经济中的竞争力城市 - Lamia Kamal-Chaoui 编辑
DOI：
10.1111/j.1468-2257.2007.00411.x
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发表时间：
2008
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
J. Harrison
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文献类型：
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作者：
J. Harrison
经济合作与发展组织 (OECD) 国家一半以上人口居住在城市地区，城市地区正在发挥国家增长“引擎”的作用。事实上，值得注意的是城市研究的焦点如何集中在这些大型城市群的重要性上。经合组织以前将其描述为全球城市区域（Scott 2001）和特大城市区域（Hall and Pain 2006），其审查基于大都市区（或俗称“大都会地区”）的独特国际数据库。作为国民经济的重要组成部分，大多数大城市群的人均产出和生产率高于全国平均水平，并且增长速度更快。尽管如此，不应高估大都市地区的增长能力，因为它们并不总是成功的代名词。不仅一些大都市地区严重落后于全国平均水平（例如，柏林和匹兹堡），而且城市还存在大量持续存在的失业、排斥和贫困现象，并遭受拥堵、犯罪、污染和基础设施薄弱的困扰。经济优势与城市化带来的问题的结合并不是一个新的悖论，但全球化条件下大都市地区重要性的上升加剧了人们对政策制定者在管理这些大城市时面临的战略选择的担忧。为了国家利益而聚集。正是考虑到这一点，《全球经济中的竞争力城市》重新思考了当今政策制定者面临的主要困境：如何平衡城市的经济优势及其相关问题，如何保持这些国民经济增长“引擎”的平稳运行，如何确保城市地区的长期可持续发展，以及如何平衡城市群优先增长与全国增长。但到底什么是大都市区域、有多少个大都市区域以及它们为何如此重要？经合组织大都市地区数据库基于四项标准，每个城市地区都需要： 达到 150 万人口门槛， 人口密度为
Home to more than half the population of Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries, urban regions are living up to their role as the “engines” of national growth. Indeed, it has been noteworthy how the focus of urban research has become fixed on the importance of these large urban agglomerations. Previously described as global city-regions (Scott 2001) and mega-city regions (Hall and Pain 2006), the OECD base their review on a unique international database of metropolitan regions, or “metroregions” as they are commonly known. A vital component of the national economy, the majority of large urban agglomerations generate higher output per capita and productivity than their country’s average, and experience faster rates of growth. Nonetheless, the growth capacity of metro-regions should not be overestimated as they are not always synonymous with success. Not only are there some metro-regions severely lagging below their national average (eg, Berlin and Pittsburgh), but cities also harbour large and persistent pockets of unemployment, exclusion, and poverty, and they suffer from congestion, crime, pollution, and poor infrastructure.This combination of economic advantages and problems posed by urbanisation is not a remarkably new paradox, but the rise in importance of metro-regions under the conditions of globalisation has accelerated concerns regarding the strategic choices facing policy makers in managing these large urban agglomerations in the national interest. It is with this in mind that Competitive Cities in the Global Economy rethinks the major dilemmas facing policy makers today: how to balance the economic advantages of cities with their associated problems, how to keep these “engines” of national economic growth running smoothly, how to ensure that urban regions are sustainable in the long term, and how to balance prioritising growth in urban agglomerations against growth nationally. But what exactly are metro-regions, how many are there, and why are they important? The OECD database of metro-regions was based on four criterion, with each urban region required to: meet a population threshold of 1.5 million, have a population density of