Inorganic arsenic in rice bran and its products are an order of magnitude higher than in bulk grain
Inorganic arsenic in rice bran and its products are an order of magnitude higher than in bulk grain
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DOI：
10.1021/es801238p
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发表时间：
2008-10-01
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Meharg, Andrew A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sun, Guo-Xin;Williams, Paul N.;Meharg, Andrew A.
迄今为止测试的所有其他谷物作物中，大米的砷含量更高，全麦（糙米）的砷含量高于精米（白米）。据报道，商业购买的米糠和为本研究专门碾磨的米糠均含有无机砷（一种非阈值的 1 类致癌物），其浓度接近 1 毫克/千克干重，比散装谷物中的浓度高出约 10-20 倍。尽管纯米糠被用作保健食品补充剂，但也许更令人担忧的是米糠可溶物，它在国际援助计划中作为超级食品和营养不良儿童的补充剂进行销售。经检测，来自美国和日本的五种米糠可溶物产品的无机砷含量为0.61-1.9毫克/公斤。制造商建议每天食用 20 克米糠可溶物，相当于摄入 0.012-0.038 毫克无机砷。食品中的砷或其物质没有设定最大浓度水平 (MCL)。欧盟和美国的水法规分别将总砷或无机砷设定为 0.01 毫克/升，是基于每天消耗 1 升水的假设，即每天消耗 0.01 毫克砷。按照制造商建议的米糠可溶物消耗率，无机砷摄入量超过 0.01 毫克/天，请记住，米糠可溶物针对的是营养不良儿童，实际风险基于 mg kg(-1) day(-1) 摄入量。
Rice is more elevated in arsenic than all other grain crops tested to date, with whole grain (brown) rice having higher arsenic levels than polished (white). It is reported here that rice bran, both commercially purchased and specifically milled for this study, have levels of inorganic arsenic, a nonthreshold, class 1 carcinogen, reaching concentrations of similar to 1 mg/kg dry weight around 10-20 fold higher than concentrations found in bulk grain. Although pure rice bran is used as a health food supplement, perhaps of more concern is rice bran solubles, which are marketed as a superfood and as a supplement to malnourished children in international aid programs. Five rice bran solubles products were tested, sourced from the United States and Japan, and were found to have 0.61-1.9 mg/kg inorganic arsenic. Manufactures recommend similar to 20 g servings of the rice bran solubles per day, which equates to a 0.012-0.038 mg intake of inorganic arsenic. There are no maximum concentration levels (MCLs) set for arsenic or its species in food stuffs. EU and U.S. water regulations, set at 0.01 mg/L total or inorganic arsenic, respectively, are based on the assumption that 1 L of water per day is consumed, i.e., 0.01 mg of arsenic/day. At the manufacturers recommended rice bran solubles consumption rate, inorganic arsenic intake exceeds 0.01 mg/day, remembering that rice bran solubles are targeted at malnourished children and that actual risk is based on mg kg(-1) day(-1) intake.