The Omega-3 Fatty Acid Nutritional Landscape: Health Benefits and Sources
The Omega-3 Fatty Acid Nutritional Landscape: Health Benefits and Sources
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DOI：
10.3945/jn.111.148080
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发表时间：
2012-03-01
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Torrejon, Claudia
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Deckelbaum, Richard J.;Torrejon, Claudia
膳食脂肪酸(FA)被越来越多地认为是主要的生物调节物质，并具有与健康结局和疾病相关的特性。更具生物活性的(n-6)(或omega-6)FA和(n-3)(或omega-3)FA在从必需的(n-6)脂肪酸亚油酸和(n-3)脂肪酸α-亚麻酸(ALA)转化的过程中具有相似的伸长和脱饱和度酶。从这些基本FA转换而来的效率非常低。然而，现在对于(n-3)FA系列，可以用(n-3)硬脂酸(SDA)丰富大豆油，以便更有效地转化为更长链的EPA。EPA和较长链的DHA具有不同的物理和生物特性，这些特性通常赋予细胞和组织特性，这是它们促进健康和预防疾病的能力的基础。虽然EPA和DHA在人类生物学的许多领域都很活跃，但它们的作用机制可能最适用于心血管疾病。有人担心，要达到EPA和DHA的建议摄入量，冷水鱼的供应将会不足。在一些健康和疾病领域对脂肪酸的作用机制以及每种物质的最佳来源和摄入量的认识差距需要进一步研究确定。由于丙氨酸的转化效率低下，浓缩大豆油中SDA的出现为未来(n-3)FA提供了一种具有生物有效性和成本效益的可持续植物来源。J.Nutr.142：587S-591S，2012。
Dietary fatty acids (FA) are increasingly recognized as major biologic regulators and have properties that relate to health outcomes and disease. The longer chain, more bioactive (n-6) (or omega-6) FA and (n-3) (or omega-3) FA share similar elongation and desaturation enzymes in their conversion from the essential (n-6) FA, linoleic acid, and (n-3) FA, alpha-linolenic acid (ALA). Conversion from these essential FA is very inefficient. However, now for the (n-3) FA series, soy oil can be enriched with (n-3) stearidonic acid (SDA) to allow for much more efficient conversion to longer chain EPA. EPA and the longer chain DHA possess distinct physical and biological properties that generally impart properties to cells and tissue, which underlie their ability to promote health and prevent disease. Although active in a number of areas of human biology, mechanisms of action of EPA and DHA are perhaps best defined in cardiovascular disease. There is concern that to reach the intake recommendations of EPA and DHA, their supply from cold water fish will be insufficient. Gaps in understanding mechanisms of action of)n-3) FA in a number of health and disease areas as well as optimal sources and intake levels for each need to be defined by further research. Because of the inefficient conversion of ALA, the appearance of SDA in enriched soy oil offers a biologically effective and cost effective approach to providing a sustainable plant source for (n-3) FA in the future. J. Nutr. 142: 587S-591S, 2012.