Brain xanthophyll content and exploratory gene expression analysis: subspecies differences in rhesus macaque.
Brain xanthophyll content and exploratory gene expression analysis: subspecies differences in rhesus macaque.
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DOI：
10.1186/s12263-017-0557-3
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Johnson EJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mohn ES;Erdman JW Jr;Neuringer M;Kuchan MJ;Johnson EJ
食物中的叶黄素、叶黄素和玉米黄质在灵长类动物的视网膜和大脑中积累，新的证据表明神经叶黄素含量可能对认知有益。灵长类动物的神经叶黄素含量在个体之间差异很大，遗传因素可能是重要的贡献者。已知来自不同地理位置的恒河猴亚种在遗传上存在差异，但起源对基因表达和类胡萝卜素状态的影响尚未确定。该研究的目的是确定是否叶黄素状态和类胡萝卜素相关基因的表达，以及亚种间已知变异的基因，在印度和中国起源的成年恒河猴的大脑之间存在差异。前额叶皮质，小脑和纹状体的样品收集自成年猴（n = 9）喂食含有类胡萝卜素的标准储备饮食。血清和脑类胡萝卜素测定使用反相高效液相色谱法。对于每个大脑区域，RNA测序和实时定量聚合酶链反应被用来确定亚种之间的差异表达基因。尽管食用了类似数量的类胡萝卜素，但印度猴子的脑组织中叶黄素水平高于中国猴子。以区域特异性方式，与类胡萝卜素和脂肪酸代谢相关的四个基因（BCO 2，RPE 65，FADS 4，FADS 2）和参与免疫反应的四个基因（CD 4，CD 74，CXCL 12 LTBR）在印度和中国起源的猴子之间差异表达。参与类胡萝卜素和脂肪酸代谢的所有四个基因的表达与脑叶黄素浓度在特定区域的方式。这些结果表明，起源与大脑中基因表达和叶黄素含量的差异有关。这项研究的结果可能对灵长类动物的遗传多样性，叶黄素状态和认知具有重要意义。本文的在线版本（doi：10.1186/s12263-017-0557-3）包含补充材料，可供授权用户使用。
The dietary xanthophylls, lutein and zeaxanthin, accumulate in primate retina and brain, and emerging evidence indicates neural lutein content may be beneficial for cognition. Neural xanthophyll content in primates varies greatly among individuals, and genetic factors are likely to be significant contributors. Subspecies of rhesus macaques originating from different geographic locations are known to differ genetically, but the effect of origin on gene expression and carotenoid status has not been determined. The study objective was to determine whether xanthophyll status and expression of carotenoid-related genes, as well as genes with known variants between subspecies, differ between the brains of adult rhesus monkeys of Indian and Chinese origin. Samples of prefrontal cortex, cerebellum, and striatum were collected from adult monkeys (n = 9) fed a standard stock diet containing carotenoids. Serum and brain carotenoids were determined using reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. For each brain region, RNA sequencing and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction were used to determine differentially expressed genes between the subspecies. Indian-origin monkeys had higher xanthophyll levels in brain tissue compared to Chinese-origin monkeys despite consuming similar amounts of dietary carotenoids. In a region-specific manner, four genes related to carotenoid and fatty acid metabolism (BCO2, RPE65, ELOVL4, FADS2) and four genes involved in the immune response (CD4, CD74, CXCL12 LTBR) were differentially expressed between Indian- and Chinese-origin monkeys. Expression of all four genes involved in carotenoid and fatty acid metabolism were correlated with brain xanthophyll concentration in a region-specific manner. These results indicate that origin is related to differences in both gene expression and xanthophyll content in the brain. Findings from this study may have important implications regarding genetic diversity, lutein status, and cognition in primates. The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12263-017-0557-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.