Thermal conditions during juvenile development affect adult dispersal in a spider
Thermal conditions during juvenile development affect adult dispersal in a spider
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0806830105
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发表时间：
2008-11-04
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Lens, Luc
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bonte, Dries;Travis, Justin M. J.;Lens, Luc
了解扩散的原因和后果是有效管理自然种群的先决条件。与其将扩散视为一个固定的性状，不如将其视为一个对遗传和环境条件都有反应的可塑性过程。在这里，我们认为环境温度所经历的少年Erigone atra，一种蜘蛛栖息在作物栖息地，影响成人的扩散。该物种有两种不同的扩散方式：气球式（长距离）和绳降式（短距离）。使用半同胞设计，我们提出了4个不同的温度制度下的个人和量化的蜘蛛的倾向气球和下降。此外，作为定居投资的一个指标，我们确定了蜘蛛在分散后建立的网的大小。繁殖和扩散投资的最适温度为20 ℃和25 ℃。在15摄氏度时，短距离移动的倾向最低，而在30摄氏度时，长距离扩散的倾向最低。根据与栖息地可用性的季节性变化相关的风险，预测了扩散的可塑性方向;在较冷的春季条件下，长距离气球飞行更频繁，而在较温暖的夏季条件下，短距离下降更频繁。基于这些研究结果，我们得出结论，在发展过程中的热条件下，少年蜘蛛提供的信息，他们可能会遇到成年人的环境条件，这些信息影响蜘蛛的扩散策略。气候变化可能会导致次优的成年人的扩散行为，与潜在的有害的人口水平的后果。
Understanding the causes and consequences of dispersal is a prerequisite for the effective management of natural populations. Rather than treating dispersal as a fixed trait, it should be considered a plastic process that responds to both genetic and environmental conditions. Here, we consider how the ambient temperature experienced by juvenile Erigone atra, a spider inhabiting crop habitat, influences adult dispersal. This species exhibits 2 distinct forms of dispersal, ballooning (long distance) and rappelling (short distance). Using a half-sib design we raised individuals under 4 different temperature regimes and quantified the spiders' propensity to balloon and to rappel. Additionally, as an indicator of investment in settlement, we determined the size of the webs build by the spiders following dispersal. The optimal temperature regimes for reproduction and overall dispersal investment were 20 degrees C and 25 degrees C. Propensity to perform short-distance movements was lowest at 15 degrees C, whereas for long-distance dispersal it was lowest at 30 degrees C. Plasticity in dispersal was in the direction predicted on the basis of the risks associated with seasonal changes in habitat availability; long-distance ballooning occurred more frequently under cooler, spring-like conditions and short-distance rappelling under warmer, summer-like conditions. Based on these findings, we conclude that thermal conditions during development provide juvenile spiders with information about the environmental conditions they are likely to encounter as adults and that this information influences the spider's dispersal strategy. Climate change may result in suboptimal adult dispersal behavior, with potentially deleterious population level consequences.