Paleogenomic insights into cooperation in the ancient Andes from positive selection on oxytocin pathway genes
Paleogenomic insights into cooperation in the ancient Andes from positive selection on oxytocin pathway genes
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DOI：
10.1111/gbb.12877
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发表时间：
2024-02-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Lindo，John
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Joseph，Sophie K.;Wagman，Elizabeth;Lindo，John
人类社会的特点是规范限制自私行为，促进合作。催产素系统是一个重要的社会行为调节剂，可能参与合作的进化。催产素在伏隔核和前扣带皮层都起作用，促进社会联系和社会凝聚力。已知cdd38和doxtrgenes的表达分别影响这些脑区的催产素分泌和结合。安第斯高地为评估催产素在合作进化中的作用提供了绝佳的机会。丰富的考古记录跨越了13000年的人口增长和合作挑战，包括高原探索、狩猎经济、农牧业和城市化时期。通过使用古代和现代全基因组的等位基因轨迹建模，我们发现与催产素信号增加相关的oxtrandcd38等位基因存在强正向选择的证据。这些选择事件大约发生在2500年至1.25万年前，处于该地区的上形成期和蒂瓦纳库期——一个人口增长、城市化和相对较低暴力率的时期。随着显著而持久的文化发展，这些脑区催产素分泌和受体结合的增加可能促进了大规模的合作，促进了安第斯高原的的的喀喀湖盆地的早期城市化。
Human societies are characterized by norms that restrict selfish behavior and promote cooperation. The oxytocin system is an important modulator of social behavior that may be involved in the evolution of cooperation. Oxytocin acts in both the nucleus accumbens and the anterior cingulate cortex to promote social bonding and social cohesion. Expression of theCD38andOXTRgenes is known to affect oxytocin secretion and binding, respectively, in these brain areas. The Andean highlands provide an excellent opportunity to evaluate the role of oxytocin in the evolution of cooperation. The rich archeological record spans 13,000 years of population growth and cooperative challenges through periods of highland exploration, hunting economies, agro‐pastoralism, and urbanization. Through allele trajectory modeling using both ancient and contemporary whole genomes, we find evidence for strong positive selection on theOXTRandCD38alleles linked with increased oxytocin signaling. These selection events commenced around 2.5 and 1.25 thousand years ago, placing them in the region's Upper Formative and Tiwanaku periods—a time of population growth, urbanization, and relatively low rates of violence. Along with remarkable and enduring cultural developments, increased oxytocin secretion and receptor binding in these brain areas may have facilitated large‐scale cooperation that promoted early urbanization in the Titicaca Basin of the Andean highlands.