SWIM-BLADDER STATE AND STRUCTURE IN RELATION TO BEHAVIOR AND MODE OF LIFE IN STROMATEOID FISHES
SWIM-BLADDER STATE AND STRUCTURE IN RELATION TO BEHAVIOR AND MODE OF LIFE IN STROMATEOID FISHES
复制标题
与层状鱼的行为和生活模式相关的游鳔状态和结构
DOI：
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发表时间：
1975
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
M. Horn
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Horn
15属中有14属具有相对较小的体积（0.6-3.4%）。真腹宿生的鱼鳔，在生命早期形成（标准长度3-5毫米），在成熟前（标准长度150-200毫米），除Nomeus外，所有属都能再生。因此，该器官几乎是占据沿海和海洋沃茨表层（100-150米以上）的幼鱼的独有特征。鱼鳔的气体腺由立方形至不规则形的细胞组成，最大尺寸为6-46 μ m。奇异网的长度范围为0.4至2.0毫米，直径为4至10 1.1米的毛细血管。与其他海洋上层鱼类相比，该鱼的气腺面积和网片长度相对于鱼鳔腔的大小较大，与较深生活的鱼类相似。中层鱼类相对较大的气体分泌复合体被认为是一种适应，以快速有效地分泌气体，维持流体静力平衡，因为幼鱼在表层游泳，经常与漂浮物有关，那里的压力变化随深度而变化最大。游泳膀胱损失伴随着行为和生活方式的变化，是从少年到成年阶段的生活过渡的一部分。悬停和高机动性作为主要组成部分的运动行为在青少年让位于连续游泳的成年人，一般是独立的离浮物体，并占据了更大的深度范围。成对鳍的相对长度随年龄而变化，并且在物种之间存在差异。三棘拟步行虫和拟步行虫。负浮力活跃的游泳者，成年时胸鳍很长，而Schedophilus medusophagus，一种中性或接近中性的浮力，移动缓慢的鱼，胸鳍很短。相似拟青霉和S.水母具有高水平的脂质，当鱼是成年鱼时，所述脂质可用于代替在浮力功能中的鱼鳔。
Fourteen of the 15 genera of stromateoid fishes possess a relatively small (0.6-3.4% of body volume). euphysoclistous swim bladder which forms early in life (3-5 mm standard length) and regreB8es in all genera except possibly Nomeus before maturity (150-200 mm standard length) is reached. Theorganis thus an almost exclusive characteristic ofthe juveniles which occupy surface layers (upper 100-150 m) in coastal and oceanic waters. The gas gland of the swim bladder consists of cuboidal to irregularly shaped cells 6-46 I" m in greatest dimension. The retia mirabilia range in length from 0.4 to 2.0 mm and in diameter of individual capillaries from 4 to 10 1.1 m. The area ofthe gas gland and the length ofthe retia relative to the size of the swim-bladder lumen are great compared to the same in other epipelagic fishes and are similar to those of deeper living. mesopelagic fishes. The relatively large gas-secreting complex is considered to be an adaptation for rapid and efficient gas secretion in maintaining hydrostatic equilibrium as the juvenile fishes swim in the surface layers, frequently in association with floating objects, where pressure changes are greatest with depth. Swim-bladder loss accompanies changes in behavior and mode of life and is part of the transition from thejuvenile to the adult stage oflife. Hoveringand high maneuverability as principal components of locomotor behavior in juveniles give way to continuous swimming in adults which are generally independent offloating objects and occupy a greater depth range. The relative length ofthe paired fins changes with age and varies among the species. Peprilus triacanthus and P. simillimus. negatively buoyant. active swimmers, have long pectoral fins as adults whereas Schedophilus medusophagus,a neutrally or nearly neutrally buoyant, slow-moving fish, has short pectoral fins. Both P. simillimus and S. medusophagus have high levels of lipid which may serve to replace the swim bladder in a buoyancy function when the fishes are adults.