Community risk assessment.
Community risk assessment.
复制标题
社区风险评估。
DOI：
10.1016/j.crm.2018.01.003
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发表时间：
1978
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
T. Downs
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
T. Downs
这篇综述解决了关于为什么使用（或不使用）气候信息的关键研究差距，并有助于缩小知识与行动之间的差距，以改善气候适应。本文综述了CI使用环境特有的因素以及影响使用是否发生的因素的研究。它综合了在微观、中观和宏观三个社会聚集层面促进或阻碍使用的因素。微观、中观和宏观层次的组织原则允许考虑包含CI使用上下文的嵌套社会层。微观层面包括社会聚合最小层面的因素，即使用（或不使用）CI的个体。中介层包括更大的社会群体、组织、领导、决策过程以及影响CI使用的技术和人力能力。最后，宏观层面是由个人和组织运作的政治环境组成的，它或多或少地支持CI的使用。虽然审查的重点是水管理的背景，但其影响要广泛得多。引入了一个概念模型来帮助解释上下文如何影响CI的使用。虽然生产者和用户之间的交互以及用户看待CI的方式会影响CI使用是否发生，但只有当微观、中观和宏观层面的上下文元素一致支持使用时，使用才会发生。也就是说，即使存在生产者和用户之间交互的最佳条件，由于政治原因或组织动态，在阻碍CI使用的上下文中，这些交互本身可能是不够的。通过关注上下文，这个新的概念模型显示了在哪里以及如何战略性地投资于支持CI使用。
This review addresses a critical research gap concerning why climate information (CI) is used (or not) and contributes to narrowing the knowledge-action gap to improve climate adaptation. The article reviews research on factors that are endemic to the context of CI use and that can influence whether use happens. It synthesizes factors that promote or impede use at three levels of social aggregation: the micro, meso, and macro levels. The organizing principle of the micro, meso, and macro levels enables a consideration of the nested social layers that comprise the context of CI use. The micro level consists of factors at the smallest level of social aggregation, individuals who use (or do not use) CI. The meso level consists of larger social aggregates, organizations, with leadership, decision-making processes, and technical and human capacity that influence CI use. Finally, the macro level is comprised of the political environment in which individuals and organizations operate, and which may be more or less supportive of CI use. Though the review is focused on the context of water management, the implications are much broader. A conceptual model is introduced to help explain how context shapes CI use. While the interactions between producers and users and the ways in which users see CI influence whether CI use happens, use only happens if elements in the micro, meso, and macro level contexts align to support use. That is, even when the best conditions for interactions between producers and users exist, these interactions alone may be insufficient in a context that stymies CI use, for political reasons or due to organizational dynamics. By attending to context, this new conceptual model shows where and how to strategically invest in supporting CI use.