Maternal and Paternal Environmental Risk Factors, Metabolizing GSTM1 and GSTT1 Polymorphisms, and Congenital Heart Disease
Maternal and Paternal Environmental Risk Factors, Metabolizing GSTM1 and GSTT1 Polymorphisms, and Congenital Heart Disease
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DOI：
10.1016/j.amjcard.2011.07.022
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发表时间：
2011-12-01
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Andreassi, Maria Grazia
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cresci, Monica;Foffa, Ilenia;Andreassi, Maria Grazia
Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are the most prevalent of all birth malformations arising from the complex interplay of environmental exposures and genes. Modifiable environmental risk factors are still largely unknown, especially for paternal exposure. The aim of the present study was to examine the association between the environmental exposures of both parents and CHD risk and to explore the modification effect of metabolizing gene polymorphisms in children who lack the genetic capacity to produce the glutathione S-transferase (GST) GSTM1 and GSTT1 enzymes. A total of 330 parents of a child with CHD and 330 parents of a child without any congenital malformations were compared in terms of lifestyle habits and toxicant exposure. GST gene polymorphisms were investigated in 180 patients with CHD (104 males, age 4.9 +/- 5.8 years). Paternal smoking (>= 15 cigarettes/day) was significantly associated with CHD risk (odds ratio [OR] 2.1, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.3 to 3.5, p = 0.002). Both maternal (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.6 to 4.2, p
