Endocytosis in the placenta: An undervalued mediator of placental transfer
Endocytosis in the placenta: An undervalued mediator of placental transfer
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DOI：
10.1016/j.placenta.2021.04.014
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发表时间：
2021-09-15
期刊：
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Cleal, Jane K.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cooke, Laura D. F.;Tumbarello, David A.;Cleal, Jane K.
内吞作用是许多人体组织中细胞摄取的基本机制。发生一系列内吞机制，包括网格蛋白依赖性和非依赖性机制。然而，内吞作用在胎盘中的作用和个体机制的空间定位尚不清楚。构成母胎转移胎盘屏障的两个主要细胞层是合体滋养层和胎儿毛细血管内皮。已证明合胞体滋养层对生理性母体分子（如转铁蛋白结合铁和低密度脂蛋白（LDL））的内吞摄取，并可能在两个主要胎盘细胞屏障对其他几种微量营养素、血清蛋白和治疗药物的摄取中发挥重要作用。这些机制也可能介导胎盘对某些病毒和纳米颗粒的摄取。本文介绍了货物特异性内吞作用的机制，以及它们在胎盘中的定位，主要集中在合体滋养层。对胎盘内吞作用的更全面的理解对于解释胎儿营养和胎盘屏障的特性是必要的。表征胎盘内吞机制及其调节可能使我们能够确定其在妊娠病理学中的作用，并为治疗干预提供新的途径。
Endocytosis is an essential mechanism for cellular uptake in many human tissues. A range of endocytic mechanisms occur including clathrin-dependent and -independent mechanisms. However, the role of endocytosis in the placenta and the spatial localisation of individual mechanisms is not well understood. The two principal cell layers that comprise the placental barrier to maternal-fetal transfer are the syncytiotrophoblast and fetal capillary endothelium. Endocytic uptake into the syncytiotrophoblast has been demonstrated for physiological maternal molecules such as transferrin-bound iron and low density lipoprotein (LDL) and may play an important role in the uptake of several other micronutrients, serum proteins, and therapeutics at both major placental cell barriers. These mechanisms may also mediate placental uptake of some viruses and nanoparticles. This review introduces the mechanisms of cargo-specific endocytosis and what is known about their localisation in the placenta, focussing predominantly on the syncytiotrophoblast. A fuller understanding of placental endocytosis is necessary to explain both fetal nutrition and the properties of the placental barrier. Characterising placental endocytic mechanisms and their regulation may allow us to identify their role in pregnancy pathologies and provide new avenues for therapeutic intervention.