Patterns of human interlimb coordination emerge from the properties of non-linear, limit cycle oscillatory processes: theory and data.
Patterns of human interlimb coordination emerge from the properties of non-linear, limit cycle oscillatory processes: theory and data.
复制标题
人类肢体间协调的模式源于非线性、极限循环振荡过程的特性：理论和数据。
作者：
J. A. S. Kelso;Kenneth G. Holt;Philip E. Rubin;Peter N. Kugler;Katherine S. Harris;David Goodman;B. Tuller;Richard Schmidt;Ronald Marteniuk;Michael
本文首次尝试为 Bernstein (1967) 提出的运动基本问题提供原则性解决方案，即如何调节运动系统的自由度。运动控制的传统观点集中在运动程序或闭环设备上，而对这个问题很少或根本没有提及。作为适当的概念框架，我们提供 Iberall 和他的同事的顺势运动物理理论，该理论最初由 Kugler、Kelso 和 Turvey（1980）针对运动而阐述。同源动力学理论将生物系统描述为非线性、极限循环振荡过程的集合体，这些过程在组织的各个层面上耦合并相互夹带。肢体间协调的模式可以根据非线性、极限循环振荡器的特性来预测。在一组实验和正式演示中，我们表明，在以下条件下，周期性的双手运动保持固定的幅度和频率（稳定的极限循环组织）：（a）当对一只手或另一只手施加短暂且持续施加的载荷扰动时，（b）无论是否存在固定机械约束，以及（c）面对来自视觉源的一系列外部驱动频率。此外，我们观察到扰动前后手之间存在紧密的相位关系（通过互相关技术量化），一个肢体夹带另一个肢体的趋势（相互夹带），并且以不同频率循环的肢体揭示了非任意的次谐波关系（小整数，次谐波夹带）。简而言之，所有上述肢体间协调模式都属于非线性振荡设计。讨论的重点是这些结果与过去和现在的神经生物学工作的兼容性，以及顺动物理学提供的对运动问题的理论见解。我们认为，其中包括自由度问题原则性解决方案的开始，以及协调和控制是非线性、极限循环振荡过程之间动态相互作用的自然结果的初步主张。
The present article represents an initial attempt to offer a principled solution to a fundamental problem of movement identified by Bernstein (1967), namely, how the degrees of freedom of the motor system are regulated. Conventional views of movement control focus on motor programs or closed-loop devices and have little or nothing to say on this matter. As an appropriate conceptual framework we offer Iberall and his colleagues' physical theory of homeokinetics first elaborated for movement by Kugler, Kelso, and Turvey (1980). Homeo kinetic theory characterizes biological systems as ensembles of non-linear, limit cycle oscillatory processes couple and mutually entrained at all the levels of organization. Patterns of interlimb coordination may be predicted from the properties of non-linear, limit cycle oscillators. In a set of experiments and formal demonstrations we show that cyclical, two-handed movements maintain fixed amplitude and frequency ( a stable limit cycle organization) under the following conditions: (a) when brief and constantly applied load perturbations are imposed on one hand or the other, (b) regardless of the presence or absence of fixed mechanical constraints, and (c) in the face of a range of external driving frequencies from a visual source. In addition, we observe a tight phasic relationship between the hands before and after perturbations (quantified by cross-correlation techniques), a tendency of one limb to entrain the other (mutual entrainment) and that limbs cycling at different frequencies reveal non-arbitrary, sub-harmonic relationships (small integer, subharmonic entrainment). In short, all the above patterns of interlimb coordination fall out of a non-linear oscillatory design. Discussion focuses on the compatibility of these results with past and present neurobiological work, and the theoretical insights into problems of movement offered by homeokinetic physics. Among these are, we think, the beginnings of a principled solution to the degrees of freedom problem, and the tentative claim that coordination and control are emergent consequences of dynamical interaction among non-linear, limit cycle oscillatory processes.
影响因子：
56.9
作者：
DELCOMYN, F
通讯作者：
DELCOMYN, F