Improved Embedding for Prediction-Based Reversible Watermarking
Improved Embedding for Prediction-Based Reversible Watermarking
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DOI：
10.1109/tifs.2011.2145372
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发表时间：
2011-09-01
影响因子：
6.8
通讯作者：
Coltuc, Dinu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Coltuc, Dinu
针对预测误差扩展可逆水印的嵌入失真问题进行了研究。不是将整个扩展的差异嵌入到当前像素中，而是在当前像素及其预测上下文之间分割差异。上下文的修改产生以下预测误差的增加。通过调整嵌入到上下文像素中的数据量来获得全局优化。研究了基于中值边缘检测器（MED）、梯度调整预测器（GAP）和简化GAP的预测误差扩展可逆水印算法。所有的预测因子都得到了改善。特别是良好的结果，获得了基于SGAP的计划。改进的SGAP似乎优于基于GAP的可逆水印。
This paper aims at reducing the embedding distortion of prediction error expansion reversible watermarking. Instead of embedding the entire expanded difference into the current pixel, the difference is split between the current pixel and its prediction context. The modification of the context generates an increase of the following prediction errors. Global optimization is obtained by tuning the amount of data embedded into context pixels. Prediction error expansion reversible watermarking schemes based on median edge detector (MED), gradient-adjusted predictor (GAP), and a simplified GAP version, SGAP, are investigated. Improvements are obtained for all the predictors. Notably good results are obtained for SGAP-based schemes. The improved SGAP appears to outperform GAP-based reversible watermarking.