Lifespan of companion dogs seen in three independent primary care veterinary clinics in the United States.
Lifespan of companion dogs seen in three independent primary care veterinary clinics in the United States.
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DOI：
10.1186/s40575-020-00086-8
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发表时间：
2020-01-01
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Creevy, Kate E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Urfer, Silvan R;Kaeberlein, Matt;Creevy, Kate E
背景技术背景：私人拥有的伴侣犬是比较医学中的一种新兴模式，特别是因为它与人类环境相似，包括其风险因素，受到许多类似的与年龄有关的疾病的影响，接受类似的医疗护理，并且有很好的兽医医疗数据。虽然英国有独立的初级保健数据，但美国尚未公布。本研究分析了来自三个独立的初级保健美国兽医医院的数据，并确定了影响寿命和死亡率的因素，在一个队列的n= 20，970私人拥有的狗使用Kaplan-Meier生存估计和考克斯比例风险模型，包括身体大小作为协变量。性腺切除术与更长的寿命有关，女性的效果比男性更强。这种寿命优势在性腺切除的雌性狗中得以保留，这些狗至少活到5岁和8岁。我们没有发现纯种和混合品种狗之间的寿命有显著差异;然而，具有较大有效种群规模和/或较低近亲繁殖系数的品种的中位生存时间比具有较小有效种群规模或较高近亲繁殖系数的品种长3- 6个月，表明这些遗传多样性的措施可能会影响品种寿命。我们还发现，属于“山地”祖先群体的犬种的中位生存时间比其他纯种犬群体短3.5- 4.6年，即使在校正体型后仍显着。结论：我们的研究结果表明，可以从美国的独立兽医诊所获得和分析数据，这一方法可能有助于在“一个健康和一个福利”范式下进行比较流行病学研究。我们还表明，性腺切除术对寿命的影响在两性之间并不相同，在未来的分析中应按性别分别进行研究。需要更多的研究，以进一步澄清年龄的影响，在性腺切除术，以及导致观察到的差异，在“山”的祖先群体和不同的近亲繁殖系数和有效的人口规模的狗品种的寿命的因素。
BACKGROUND: The privately owned companion dog is an emerging model in comparative medicine, notably because it shares the human environment including its risk factors, is affected by many analogous age-related diseases, receives comparable medical care, and has excellent veterinary medical data available.Past studies of dog lifespan have used academic, corporate or insurance data. While independent primary care data exist for the UK, none have as of yet been published for the US. This study analyzed data from three independent primary care US veterinary hospitals and identified factors that influence lifespan and mortality in a cohort of n=20,970 privately owned dogs using Kaplan-Meier survival estimators and Cox Proportional Hazards modelling, including body size as a covariate.RESULTS: As previously reported, body size was negatively correlated with lifespan. Gonadectomy was associated with a longerlifespan, with the effect being stronger in females than in males. This lifespan advantage was conserved in gonadectomized female dogs that lived to at least ages 5 and 8years. We did not find significant differences in lifespan between purebred and mixed breed dogs; however, breeds with larger effective population sizes and/or lower inbreeding coefficients had median survival times 3-6months longer than breeds with smaller effective population sizes or higher inbreeding coefficients, indicating that these measures of genetic diversity may be affecting breed lifespans. We also found that dog breeds belonging to the "Mountain" ancestral group had median survival times that were 3.5-4.6years shorter than other purebred dog groups, which remained significant even when correcting for body size.CONCLUSIONS: Our findings show that it is possible to obtain and analyze data from independent veterinary clinics in the US, an approach that could be useful for studies of comparative epidemiology under the One Health and One Welfare paradigms. We also show that the lifespan effects of gonadectomy are not identical between the sexes and should be investigated separately by sex in future analyses. More research is needed to further clarify the influence of age at gonadectomy, as well as the factors leading to the observed differences in lifespan in the "Mountain" ancestral group and in dog breeds of varying inbreeding coefficients and effective population sizes.