Fragmentation, Incomes and Jobs: An Analysis of European Competitiveness
Fragmentation, Incomes and Jobs: An Analysis of European Competitiveness
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DOI：
10.1111/1468-0327.12018
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发表时间：
2013-10
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
M. Timmer;B. Los;Robert Stehrer;Gaaitzen J. de Vries
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Timmer;B. Los;Robert Stehrer;Gaaitzen J. de Vries
跨国生产日益分散，正在改变国际竞争的性质。因此，以出口总额为基础的传统竞争力指标的信息量越来越少，需要采取新的措施。本文提出了一个对直接和间接与最终制造品生产相关的增加值和工人进行事后核算的框架。该框架侧重于制造业全球价值链收入和制造业全球价值链就业。该文件概述了这些概念，并提供了欧洲国家的趋势，根据最近的多部门，世界经济的投入产出模型。分析发现，自1995年以来，欧洲联盟27的显示比较优势正在转向与非电气机械和运输设备生产有关的活动。参与制造业全球价值链的工人越来越多地从事服务业，而不是制造业。分析还发现，高技能工人开展的活动发生了强烈转变，突出了分散化的不均衡分布效应。研究结果表明，需要从全球价值链的角度为关于竞争力的政策辩论提供信息。
Increasing fragmentation of production across borders is changing the nature of international competition. As a result, conventional indicators of competitiveness based on gross exports are becoming less informative and new measures are needed. This paper proposes an ex-post accounting framework of the value added and workers that are directly and indirectly related to the production of final manufacturing goods. The framework focuses on manufactures global value chain income and manufactures global value chain jobs. The paper outlines these concepts and provides trends in European countries based on a recent multi-sector, input-output model of the world economy. The analysis finds that since 1995, revealed comparative advantage of the European Union 27 is shifting to activities related to the production of nonelectrical machinery and transport equipment. The workers involved in manufactures global value chains are increasingly in services, rather than manufacturing industries. The analysis also finds a strong shift toward activities carried out by high-skilled workers, highlighting the uneven distributional effects of fragmentation. The results show that a global value chain perspective is needed to inform the policy debates on competitiveness.