Advances in research on the use of biochar in soil for remediation: a review
Advances in research on the use of biochar in soil for remediation: a review
复制标题
DOI：
10.1007/s11368-018-2000-9
复制
发表时间：
2018-04
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Eric F. Zama;B. Reid;H. Arp;Guoxin Sun;Haiyan Yuan;Yong-guan Zhu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Eric F. Zama;B. Reid;H. Arp;Guoxin Sun;Haiyan Yuan;Yong-guan Zhu
目的土壤污染主要来自人类活动，仍然是当代世界的一个主要环境问题。已经开展了大量工作，将生物炭定位为一种容易获得的可用于管理各种环境介质中的污染物，特别是土壤中的污染物。本文综述了生物炭在土壤中用于修复某些有机和无机污染物的研究进展。材料和方法近10年来进行了文献计量学分析，以确定与土壤中生物炭修复污染物相关的研究的增加趋势。在实验室和现场研究中对五种样本污染物进行了审查。其中包括两种无机物(即砷和铅)和三种有机化合物(即磺胺甲恶唑、阿特拉津和多环芳烃)。污染物是根据文献计量学数据选择的，并作为其各种污染物类别的代表。结果与讨论生物炭与土壤中污染物的相互作用主要受生物炭前体物质和热解温度以及污染物的辛醇-水分配系数(KOW)和极性等因素的影响。生物炭的结构和化学特性反过来又决定了主要的吸附机制，并决定了生物炭对污染物吸附的适宜性。在回顾文献的基础上，提出了一个土壤处理方案，以指导不同土壤类型(水稻土、棕壤和矿山土)在不同pH水平(4-5.5)和不同污染物浓度(<； 50和>； 50 mg/kg−1)下的应用。结论多年来对生物炭的研究主要集中在其性质上，以及这些因素如何影响生物炭固定土壤中有机和无机污染物的能力。这些研究中很少有实地考察的。因此，需要进行更多的研究，更多地侧重于田间土壤修复，以充分了解生物炭在自然条件下的行为。还提出了其他建议，旨在促进在存在重大知识差距的领域开展今后的研究。
PurposeSoil contamination mainly from human activities remains a major environmental problem in the contemporary world. Significant work has been undertaken to position biochar as a readily-available material useful for the management of contaminants in various environmental media notably soil. Here, we review the increasing research on the use of biochar in soil for the remediation of some organic and inorganic contaminants.Materials and methodsBibliometric analysis was carried out within the past 10 years to determine the increasing trend in research related to biochar in soil for contaminant remediation. Five exemplar contaminants were reviewed in both laboratory and field-based studies. These included two inorganic (i.e., As and Pb) and three organic classes (i.e., sulfamethoxazole, atrazine, and PAHs). The contaminants were selected based on bibliometric data and as representatives of their various contaminant classes. For example, As and Pb are potentially toxic elements (anionic and cationic, respectively), while sulfamethoxazole, atrazine, and PAHs represent antibiotics, herbicides, and hydrocarbons, respectively.Results and discussionThe interaction between biochar and contaminants in soil is largely driven by biochar precursor material and pyrolysis temperature as well as some characteristics of the contaminants such as octanol-water partition coefficient (KOW) and polarity. The structural and chemical characteristics of biochar in turn determine the major sorption mechanisms and define biochar’s suitability for contaminant sorption. Based on the reviewed literature, a soil treatment plan is suggested to guide the application of biochar in various soil types (paddy soils, brownfield, and mine soils) at different pH levels (4–5.5) and contaminant concentrations (< 50 and > 50 mg kg−1).ConclusionsResearch on biochar has grown over the years with significant focus on its properties, and how these affect biochar’s ability to immobilize organic and inorganic contaminants in soil. Few of these studies have been field-based. More studies with greater focus on field-based soil remediation are therefore required to fully understand the behavior of biochar under natural circumstances. Other recommendations are made aimed at stimulating future research in areas where significant knowledge gaps exist.