Neurognostics question. Nerve, muscle, blood, toil, tears, and sweat: England's pioneering biophysicist, soldier, and statesman.
Neurognostics question. Nerve, muscle, blood, toil, tears, and sweat: England's pioneering biophysicist, soldier, and statesman.
复制标题
神经诊断学问题。
DOI：
10.1080/09647040802105854
复制
发表时间：
2009
影响因子：
0.5
通讯作者：
Khan,ArshadM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Khan,ArshadM
This British pioneer of biophysics and physiology was born in Bristol, England, on September 26, 1886. He was an avid sportsman and athlete, loved the outdoors and was especially fond of mathematics and physics. When he was 19, he joined Trinity College, Cambridge. In 1910, he received a fellowship to pursue graduate work at Trinity in the Physiology Department headed by John Newport Langley, where he used his mathematical skills to first provide theoretical contributions to the ongoing work of other scientists, such as Keith Lucas and Joseph Barcroft. These original contributions included the first mathematical formulation of drug/receptor interactions and the first kinetic model for a cooperative biochemical reaction involving the binding of multiple molecules to a single receptor complex. A mathematical coefficient in these binding equations was later named after him in his honor. His first entry into experimental physiology involved using sensitive galvanometers to measure thermal changes from contracting muscle, a line of work that would continue throughout his life. In 1912, he also made his first attempt to measure heat from conducting nerves. This had been tried as early as 1848 by Hermann Helmholtz, and subsequently by many other physiologists, but had never been achieved successfully up to that time. Like his predecessors, he reported that his attempt was unsuccessful. In 1913, he married Margaret Neville Keynes, sister of the famous economist, John Maynard Keynes. With the outbreak of World War I, he joined the military in August, 1914, serving first as a captain and later as a musketry instructor. In 1916, he directed a small group of mathematicians and physicists within the first “Operational Research” team in modern military history, working to develop anti-air defenses to stop Zeppelin incursions into British air space. In 1920, he left Cambridge to become Chair of Physiology at the University of Manchester and began what was perhaps the most intense research period of his career, publishing no less than 12 full-length studies between 1920–1922. This work included a detailed examination of the phases of heat production in muscle and a “delayed” heat production of muscle under anaerobic conditions. By the end of this period, it was clear that these “external”
