X-Ray: Screenshot Accessibility via Embedded Metadata
X-Ray: Screenshot Accessibility via Embedded Metadata
复制标题
X-Ray：通过嵌入式元数据进行屏幕截图访问
DOI：
10.1145/3308561.3353808
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发表时间：
2019
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Jeffrey P. Bigham
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Sujeath Pareddy;Anhong Guo;Jeffrey P. Bigham
截图经常在社交媒体、个人交流和学术论文中分享。不幸的是，现有的截图工具剥离了使内容可访问的有用语义，只留下像素。例如，表的屏幕截图删除了用于传递该表的结构信息。我们通过对学术论文的研究来量化问题的规模，表明学术论文中包含的大量图像是截图，并通过对研究人员的图形生成过程进行定性访谈来验证这一点。然后我们介绍X-Ray，一个捕捉并将底层内容的语义嵌入到图像中的系统。使用X-Ray截图工具，语义信息被捕获并存储在结果图像的Exif数据中，允许它在图像被共享和转发时“跟随”。我们通过对五名盲人参与者的研究证明，我们的方法保留了屏幕阅读器用户的可访问性。更一般地说，我们的方法提出了一种方法，将可访问性元数据嵌入到其他不可访问的格式中，使它们能够保留在捕获时呈现的更可访问的表示。
Screenshots are frequently shared on social media, via personal communications, and in academic papers. Unfortunately, existing screenshot tools strip away semantics useful for making the content accessible, leaving only pixels. For example, a screenshot of a table removes the structural information useful for conveying it. We quantify the scale of the problem via a study of academic papers, showing that a large number of images included in academic papers are screenshots, and validate this via qualitative interviews with researchers about their figure generation process. We then introduce X-Ray, a system that captures and embeds the semantics of the underlying content into images. Using the X-Ray screenshot tool, semantic information is captured and stored in the Exif data of the resulting image, allowing it to "tag along" as the image is shared and reposted. We demonstrate that our approach retains accessibility for screen reader users via a study with five blind participants. More generally, our approach suggests a method for embedding accessibility metadata into otherwise inaccessible formats, enabling them to retain the more accessible representations that are present at capture time.
通过大规模分析检查 Android 应用中基于图像的按钮标签的可访问性
DOI：
10.1145/3234695.3236364
发表时间：
2018
期刊：
Proceedings of the ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility
影响因子：
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作者：
Ross, Anne Spencer;Zhang, Xiaoyi;Fogarty, James;Wobbrock, Jacob O.
通讯作者：
Wobbrock, Jacob O.