Socioeconomic inequality in Scottish children's exposure to and use of natural space and private gardens, measured by GPS
Socioeconomic inequality in Scottish children's exposure to and use of natural space and private gardens, measured by GPS
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通过 GPS 测量苏格兰儿童接触和使用自然空间和私人花园的社会经济不平等
DOI：
10.1016/j.landurbplan.2022.104425
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
9.1
通讯作者：
Olsen J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Olsen J
这项研究的目的是：(I)根据离家的距离，确定儿童在自然空间(NS)、私人花园(PG)和自然空间/私人花园(NS/PG)中度过的时间比例；(Ii)计算这些家庭周围环境的可用性，以及(Iii)探索可用性和使用随社会经济地位(SES)的变化。获得10/11岁儿童(n=667)的详细流动性数据。孩子们戴着GPS设备，位置被空间连接到英国国家地图数据(国家地形测量局)，以确定每个位置是否在NS、PG或NS/PG范围内。测量了GPS点到家之间的欧几里得距离，并将其离散为100米到800米的频段。孩子们在NS中花费了他们全部户外、非学校穿着时间的15%，而在NS/PG中花费了41%。在NS和NS/PG中花费的时间和离家的距离因SES而异。生活在最贫困地区的儿童在离家100米以内的NS/PG中花费了17%的总穿戴时间，在离家800米以上的NS/PG中花费了4.4%的时间。相比之下，来自最贫困地区的儿童在离家不到100米的情况下，19%的穿戴时间是在NS/PG中，而在离家800米以上的NS/PG中，有10.7%的穿着时间是在离家不到100米的地方。家庭周围NS和NS/PG的可用性增加与使用量的增加没有什么关系。NS和PG为儿童提供了一个关键的户外活动场所，特别是在离家较近的地区，为来自更贫困地区的儿童提供了一个关键的场所。来自最贫困地区的儿童接触NS的机会更大，其中大部分发生在离家出走的地方。
The objectives of this study were to: (i) determine, by distance from home, the proportion of time children spent in natural space (NS), private gardens (PG) and natural space/private garden (NS/PG); (ii) calculate availability of these environments surrounding homes, and (iii) explore variation in availability and use by socio-economic status (SES).Detailed mobility data for 10/11-year-old children (n = 667) were obtained. Children wore GPS devices and locations were spatially joined to UK national mapping data (Ordnance Survey) to identify if each one was within NS, PG or NS/PG. Euclidean distance between GPS points and home was measured and discretised into 100 m bands (100 m to 800 m).Children spent 15% of their total outdoor, non-school wear time in NS, but 41% in NS/PG. Both time spent in NS & NS/PG and its distance from home varied by SES. Children living in the most deprived areas spent 17% of their total wear time in NS/PG within 100 m from home, and 4.4% in NS/PG over 800 m from home. In contrast, children from the least deprived areas spent 19% of wear time in NS/PG less than 100 m from home and 10.7% in NS/PG over 800 m from home. An increase in the availability of NS and NS/PG around the home was weakly associated with increased use.NS and PG provide a key location that children spend their outdoor time, particularly in areas close to home for those from more deprived areas. Children from the least deprived areas have greater exposure to NS, most of which occurs away from home.