Role of the central nucleus of the amygdala in the control of blood pressure: Descending pathways to medullary cardiovascular nuclei
Role of the central nucleus of the amygdala in the control of blood pressure: Descending pathways to medullary cardiovascular nuclei
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1440-1681.2005.04210.x
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发表时间：
2005-05-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Saha, S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Saha, S
1.杏仁核（CeA）是将心理诱发的压力与血压调节系统联系起来的关键区域之一。这是一个整合性前脑核团，接收前脑高级中枢的输入，并与下丘脑和延髓有广泛的联系，这些区域参与心血管反射的调节。基于使用CeA的电或化学刺激或电解损伤的研究，已经清楚地表明CeA在响应压力或恐惧刺激的血压调节中起着重要作用。两个重要的髓质区域已知接受投射从脑动脉是孤束核（NTS）和延髓头端腹外侧（RVLM）。NTS是源自压力感受器、化学感受器和心脏的传入纤维的第一突触的部位，而RVLM包含通过投射到胸腰椎脊髓的中间外侧细胞柱中的交感节前神经元来维持静息血压和交感神经活动的神经元。电子显微镜研究结合顺行追踪和嵌入前后的免疫金标记表明，从CeA到NTS的途径是抑制性的，并可能使用GABA作为神经递质。这些研究的结果表明，通过激活CeA产生的血压变化可能是通过在NTS水平上的GABA能机制通过压力感受器反射的衰减介导的。神经束示踪结合神经功能研究使用Fos蛋白作为激活神经元的标记物表明，CeA直接投射到NTS和RVLM中的压力感受性神经元，这些神经元被血压变化激活。总之，研究表明，与投射到延髓压力感受性神经元的CeA神经元的传出通路的研究可能会发挥至关重要的作用，在交感神经活动的反射变化，参与血压调节，以应对压力或焦虑。
1. One of the key areas that links psychologically induced stress with the blood pressure-regulatory system is the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA). This is an integratory forebrain nucleus that receives input from higher centres in the forebrain and has extensive connections with the hypothalamus and the medulla oblongata, areas involved in the regulation of the cardiovascular reflexes.2. Based on studies using electrical or chemical stimulation or electrolytic lesions of the CeA, it has become clear that the CeA plays an important role in the regulation of blood pressure in response to stressful or fearful stimuli.3. Two important medullary areas known to receive projections from the CeA are the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) and the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM). The NTS is the site of the first synapse for afferent fibres originating from baroreceptors, chemoreceptors and the heart, whereas the RVLM contains neurons that maintain resting blood pressure and sympathetic nerve activity via projections to sympathetic preganglionic neurons in the intermediolateral cell column of the thoracolumbar spinal cord.4. Electron microscopic studies using combined anterograde tracing and pre- and post-embedding immunogold labelling have shown that the pathways originating from the CeA to the NTS are inhibitory and may use GABA as a neurotransmitter. The results of these studies suggest that blood pressure changes produced by activation of the CeA may be mediated by attenuation of baroreceptor reflexes through a GABAergic mechanism at the level of the NTS.5. Neuronal tract tracing combined with neurofunctional studies using the Fos protein as a marker of activated neurons indicate that the CeA projects directly to baroreceptive neurons in the NTS and RVLM that are activated by changes in blood pressure.6. In conclusion, studies that have examined the efferent pathways of the CeA suggest that CeA neurons with projections to medullary baroreceptive neurons may play a vital role in the reflex changes in sympathetic nerve activity that are involved in blood pressure regulation in response to stress or anxiety.