Negative Transfer in Human Associative Learning
Negative Transfer in Human Associative Learning
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DOI：
10.1177/0956797611419305
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发表时间：
2011-09-01
影响因子：
8.2
通讯作者：
Mitchell, Chris J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Griffiths, Oren;Johnson, Ameika M.;Mitchell, Chris J.
联想学习中的注意力分配模型通常是根据两个指导原则之一构建的：预测性原则，该原则认为注意力集中在过去可靠预测结果的线索上，或者不确定性原则，该原则指出注意力集中在鲜为人知的线索上。这两个原则都得到了动物研究的充分支持。然而，在人类学习的研究中，很少有直接的经验支持的不确定性原则。在这里报告的研究中，我们通过调查负迁移来解决这个差距，这一现象可能为不确定性原理提供独特的支持。在两个使用过敏症专家任务的人类学习实验中，我们复制了先前动物学习研究的主要发现。我们相信，这些数据提供了人类联想学习中的不确定性原理的第一个直接证据。
Models of attentional allocation in associative learning are typically structured according to one of two guiding principles: the predictiveness principle, which posits that attention is paid to cues that have reliably predicted an outcome in the past, or the uncertainty principle, which states that attention is paid to cues about which little is known. Both principles are well supported by studies of animals. However, in studies of human learning, there is very little direct empirical support for the uncertainty principle. In the study reported here, we addressed this gap by investigating negative transfer, a phenomenon that may provide unique support for the uncertainty principle. In two human learning experiments using an allergist task, we replicated the primary findings of previous research on animal learning. We believe that these data provide the first direct evidence for the uncertainty principle in human associative learning.