Use of Non-Invasive Ion-Selective Microelectrode Techniques for the Study of Plant Development
Use of Non-Invasive Ion-Selective Microelectrode Techniques for the Study of Plant Development
复制标题
DOI：
10.1007/978-3-540-37843-3_5
复制
发表时间：
2006
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
J. Kunkel;S. Cordeiro;Yu Xu;A. Shipley;J. Feijó
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Kunkel;S. Cordeiro;Yu Xu;A. Shipley;J. Feijó
3适用电子公司，福雷斯特代尔，MA 02644，美国离子调节。植物细胞内的压力是通过细胞内离子和溶质的积累，以及它们在液泡中以不同的渗透生化形式（如盐或聚合物的形成）的分配和隔离来实现和维持的。因此产生的膨胀压力是细胞扩张、延伸、气体交换、离子和溶质运输等所必需的。在调节中起关键作用的还有液泡质子atp酶（v - atp酶）的活性，它们在结构和机制上都与质膜上的质子atp酶有很大不同。液泡焦磷酸酶（PPases）是系统中第三个活跃的运输方。这三个泵系统的协同作用使细胞质保持相当恒定和中性的pH值，同时保持液泡和外部外质体的酸性。这些泵是许多通道和转运体的积极能量来源（如Sanders和Bethke 2000； Taiz和Zeiger 2002； Blatt 2004），许多泵现在被认为在许多组织中表达，转录组学证明了这一点（如Pina等，2005）。由这些条件产生的特殊离子环境是离子穿过细胞膜的原因和结果，需要严格的调节机制来保持低钙浓度、高钾浓度和pH中性，以及其他稳态调节（由Feijó等人1995年审查；Holdaway-Clarke和Hepler 2003年）。因此，植物离子动力学的研究是至关重要的，一些实验室已经利用非侵入性微电极技术，特别是扫描离子选择探针，来接近它。
3 Applicable Electronics Inc., Forestdale, MA 02644, USA upon ion regulation. Intracellular pressure in plant cells is achieved and maintained by the intracellular accumulation of ions and solutes, and their partition and sequestration in different osmotic biochemical forms in the vacuole (eg formation of salts or polymers). The turgor pressure thus created is required for cell expansion, elongation, gas exchange, transport of ions and solutes, etc.Pivotal in the regulation is also the activity of the vacuolar proton ATPases (V-ATPases), much different from their plasma membrane counterparts both in structure and mechanism. Vacuolar pyrophosphatases (PPases) are a third active transport party in the system. The coordinated action of these three pump systems maintains the cytosol at a fairly constant and neutral pH, while keeping both vacuole and external apoplast acidic. These pumps are the active source of energy for a number of channels and transporters (eg Sanders and Bethke 2000; Taiz and Zeiger 2002; Blatt 2004), many now well characterized as expressed in a number of tissues, evidenced by transcriptomics (eg Pina et al. 2005). The particular ionic environment created by these conditions is cause and consequence of the ion fluxes across the cell’s membranes, requiring tight regulatory mechanisms that keep calcium concentration low, potassium high and a pH neutral, among other homeostatic regulations (reviewed by Feijó et al. 1995; Holdaway-Clarke and Hepler 2003). The study of plant ion dynamics is therefore of the utmost importance, and several laboratories have taken advantage of non-invasive microelectrode techniques, in particular scanning ion-selective probes, to approach it.