Genetic divergence and interactions in the wild among native, farmed and hybrid Atlantic salmon
Genetic divergence and interactions in the wild among native, farmed and hybrid Atlantic salmon
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DOI：
10.1006/jfbi.1996.0330
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发表时间：
1997-03-01
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Fleming, IA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Einum, S;Fleming, IA
人们担心，逃逸的养殖大西洋鲑鱼产卵所产生的后代可能会与本地鲑鱼种群竞争并扰乱本地鲑鱼种群。这项研究在孵化场和野外比较了与健康相关的性状，并检查了来自受控杂交并在常见条件下饲养的养殖、本地和杂交 0(+) parr 之间的相互作用。养殖鲑鱼是挪威主要商业品种的第七代鱼类，本地鲑鱼来自挪威的伊姆萨河和罗恩河。在孵化场，养殖鲑鱼比本土鲑鱼更具攻击性，并且往往在成对竞争中占据主导地位。养殖鲑鱼也更容易面临风险，在模拟捕食者袭击后更快地离开掩护，并且比本地鱼类具有更高的生长速度。养殖鱼类和本地鱼类之间的杂交通常会导致上述性状的中间表达。然而，有证据表明，在单独/养殖杂交中存在杂种优势，这些杂交能够在成对竞争中主导纯单独和养殖帕尔。在野外，对栖息地利用和饮食的观察表明，种群会争夺领地和食物，养殖鱼类和杂交鱼类的生长速度均高于本地鱼类。我们的研究结果表明，这些行为和生长的先天差异可能与健康密切相关，将通过竞争和破坏当地适应来威胁当地人口。 (C) 1997 年不列颠群岛渔业协会。
There is concern that the progeny resulting from the spawnings of escaped farmed Atlantic salmon may compete with and disrupt native salmon populations. This study compared, both in the hatchery and in the wild, fitness-related traits and examined interactions among farmed, native and hybrid 0(+) parr derived from controlled crosses and reared under common conditions. The farmed salmon were seventh-generation fish from the principal commercial strain in Norway and native salmon were from the rivers Imsa and Lone, Norway. In the hatchery, farmed salmon were more aggressive than both native populations and tended to dominate them in pairwise contests. Farmed salmon were also more prone to risk, leaving cover sooner after a simulated predator attack, and had higher growth rates than native fish. Interbreeding between farmed and native fish generally resulted in intermediate expression of the above traits. There was, however, evidence of hybrid vigour in Lone/farmed crosses which were able to dominate both pure Lone and farmed parr in pairwise contests. In the wild, observations of habitat use and diet suggested that the populations compete for territory and food, and both farmed fish and hybrids expressed higher growth rates than native fish. Our results suggest that these innate differences in behaviour and growth, that probably are linked closely to fitness, will threaten native populations through competition and disruption of local adaptations. (C) 1997 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles.