Polygynandry, extra-group paternity and multiple-paternity litters in European badger (Meles meles) social groups
Polygynandry, extra-group paternity and multiple-paternity litters in European badger (Meles meles) social groups
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-294x.2007.03571.x
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发表时间：
2007-12-01
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Burke, Terry
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dugdale, Hannah L.;Macdonald, David W.;Burke, Terry
纳塔尔崇拜的成本和收益对于社会群体的形成和维持至关重要。獾组，被认为是被动地形成根据资源分散假说（RDH），保持通过纳塔尔philopatry和延迟分散，但是，有这样的分组的功能性好处的证据很少。我们从1988年至2005年出生的牛津Wytham Woods的高密度种群中为630只獾幼崽分配了亲子关系。我们的方法是不同的，以前的研究，我们使用了22个微卫星位点来分配父母对，结合亲缘关系推断提供了一个很高的亲子关系分配率。我们在>= 95%的置信度下将父母双方分配给331只幼崽，揭示了一夫多妻制的交配系统，在一个社会群体中最多有五个母亲和五个父亲。我们估计，每年只有27%的成年男性和31%的成年女性繁殖，这表明两性的群体生活成本。任何强烈的动机或选择分散，但是，可能会减少，因为只有不到一半的父权获得了额外的组男性，主要是从邻近的群体，男性显示混合的父权战略。我们提供了迄今为止最有力的证据，为多个父亲的窝，并首次表明，组内和组外的男性可以在同一窝繁殖幼崽。我们调查的因素，可能发挥作用，在确定延迟扩散的程度，并得出结论，生态约束假说，philopatry假说的好处，和生活史假说可能都发挥了作用，提出了广泛的约束假说。
The costs and benefits of natal philopatry are central to the formation and maintenance of social groups. Badger groups, thought to form passively according to the resource dispersion hypothesis (RDH), are maintained through natal philopatry and delayed dispersal; however, there is minimal evidence for the functional benefits of such grouping. We assigned parentage to 630 badger cubs from a high-density population in Wytham Woods, Oxford, born between 1988 and 2005. Our methodological approach was different to previous studies; we used 22 microsatellite loci to assign parent pairs, which in combination with sibship inference provided a high parentage assignment rate. We assigned both parents to 331 cubs at >= 95% confidence, revealing a polygynandrous mating system with up to five mothers and five fathers within a social group. We estimated that only 27% of adult males and 31% of adult females bred each year, suggesting a cost to group living for both sexes. Any strong motivation or selection to disperse, however, may be reduced because just under half of the paternities were gained by extra-group males, mainly from neighbouring groups, with males displaying a mixture of paternity strategies. We provide the strongest evidence to date for multiple-paternity litters, and for the first time show that within-group and extra-group males can sire cubs in the same litter. We investigate the factors that may play a role in determining the degree of delayed dispersal and conclude that the ecological constraints hypothesis, benefits of philopatry hypothesis, and life history hypothesis may all play a part, as proposed by the broad constraints hypothesis.