Measles Virus Host Invasion and Pathogenesis.
Measles Virus Host Invasion and Pathogenesis.
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DOI：
10.3390/v8080210
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发表时间：
2016-07-28
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
de Swart RL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Laksono BM;de Vries RD;McQuaid S;Duprex WP;de Swart RL
麻疹病毒是一种高度传染性的负链RNA病毒，通过呼吸道传播，并在以前未接触过的人类和非人类灵长类动物中引起全身性疾病。麻疹的特点是发烧和皮疹，通常伴有咳嗽、鼻炎和结膜炎。麻疹的一个特点是短暂的免疫抑制，导致机会性感染的易感性增加。与此同时，这种疾病与诱导强大的病毒特异性免疫反应存在矛盾，从而导致对麻疹的终生免疫力。 CD150 和 nectin-4 作为麻疹病毒细胞受体的鉴定为趋向性和发病机制带来了新的视角。非人灵长类动物的体内研究表明，病毒最初感染循环系统和淋巴组织中的 CD150+ 淋巴细胞和树突状细胞，然后病毒传播到表达 nectin-4 的上皮细胞。该病毒能够引起全身感染，通过飞沫或气溶胶传播给许多新宿主，并在感染后数月甚至数年抑制宿主免疫反应，使麻疹成为一种引人注目的疾病。本文简要介绍了麻疹病毒宿主入侵和发病机制研究的当前主题。
Measles virus is a highly contagious negative strand RNA virus that is transmitted via the respiratory route and causes systemic disease in previously unexposed humans and non-human primates. Measles is characterised by fever and skin rash and usually associated with cough, coryza and conjunctivitis. A hallmark of measles is the transient immune suppression, leading to increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections. At the same time, the disease is paradoxically associated with induction of a robust virus-specific immune response, resulting in lifelong immunity to measles. Identification of CD150 and nectin-4 as cellular receptors for measles virus has led to new perspectives on tropism and pathogenesis. In vivo studies in non-human primates have shown that the virus initially infects CD150+ lymphocytes and dendritic cells, both in circulation and in lymphoid tissues, followed by virus transmission to nectin-4 expressing epithelial cells. The abilities of the virus to cause systemic infection, to transmit to numerous new hosts via droplets or aerosols and to suppress the host immune response for several months or even years after infection make measles a remarkable disease. This review briefly highlights current topics in studies of measles virus host invasion and pathogenesis.