MtMAPKK4 is an essential gene for growth and reproduction of Medicago truncatula
MtMAPKK4 is an essential gene for growth and reproduction of Medicago truncatula
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MtMAPKK4是蒺藜苜蓿生长和繁殖的必需基因
DOI：
10.1111/ppl.12533
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发表时间：
2017-04-01
影响因子：
6.4
通讯作者：
Zhang, Zhongming
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Chen, Tao;Zhou, Bo;Zhang, Zhongming
丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（MAPK）级联是真核生物（包括酵母、动物和植物）中普遍存在的信号传导模块。它们参与对各种生物和非生物胁迫、激素、细胞分裂和发育过程的反应。MAPK级联由三种功能分层的蛋白激酶组成，即MAPK、MAPK激酶（MAPKKs）和MAPK激酶激酶（MAPKKKs）。这些激酶在各种生物体的发育和生理过程中的作用已被深入研究。本研究利用反向遗传学的方法，对一个含有烟草反转录转座子Tnt 1的蒺藜苜蓿MtMAPKK 4突变体进行了鉴定。mapkk 4/+杂合体自交5代不能产生纯合后代。杂合的mapkk 4/+突变体植株表现出生长迟缓、黄化症状和侵染丝和根瘤数量的显著减少。MtMAPKK 4和MtMAPK 3/6之间的相互作用在酵母和植物中都存在。绿色荧光蛋白标记的MtMAPKK 4、MtMAPK 3和MtMAPK 6均定位于细胞膜、细胞质和细胞核。MtMAPKK 4、MtMAPK 3和MtMAPK 6在M.在根瘤成熟阶段的蒺藜植物。这些基因的转录水平下降，在早期的共生阶段的根。
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are universal signaling modules in eukaryotes, including yeasts, animals and plants. They are involved in responses to various biotic and abiotic stresses, hormones, cell division and developmental processes. A MAPK cascade is composed of three functionally tiered protein kinases, namely MAPK, MAPK kinases (MAPKKs) and MAPK kinase kinases (MAPKKKs). These kinases have been intensively studied for their roles in developmental and physiological processes in various organisms. In this study, a Medicago truncatulaMtMAPKK4 mutant with the tobacco retrotransposon Tnt1 insertion was identified using reverse genetics methods. No homozygous progeny could be produced by self-pollination of mapkk4/+ heterozygotes for 5 generations. Heterozygous mapkk4/+ mutant plants exhibited growth retardation, chlorosis symptoms and significantly reduced numbers of infection threads and nodules. The interaction between MtMAPKK4 and MtMAPK3/6 occurred both in yeast and in planta. Green fluorescent protein-tagged MtMAPKK4, MtMAPK3 and MtMAPK6 were all localized to membranes, cytoplasm and nuclei. Expression of MtMAPKK4, MtMAPK3 and MtMAPK6 was detected in various tissues of M. truncatula plants at the nodule maturation stage. Transcript levels of these genes were decreased in roots at the early symbiotic stage.