Performance of volume phase gratings manufactured using ultrafast laser inscription
Performance of volume phase gratings manufactured using ultrafast laser inscription
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使用超快激光刻写制造的体相位光栅的性能
DOI：
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
C. Cunningham
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文献类型：
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作者：
David Lee;R. Thomson;C. Cunningham
超快激光刻字 (ULI) 是一种快速成熟的技术，它使用聚焦超短激光脉冲来局部修改介电材料的三维 (3D) 折射率。最近，ULI已应用于天体光子器件的制造，例如集成光束组合器、3D集成波导扇出和多模到单模转换器（光子灯笼）。在这里，我们概述了应用 ULI 来制造熔融石英和硫化镓镧 (GLS) 玻璃中的体相位光栅 (VPG) 的工作。我们制造的 VPG 的空间频率为 333 线/毫米。研究发现，最佳熔融石英光栅在 633 nm 处表现出 40% 的一级衍射效率，但表现出约 40% 的积分散射光。最佳 GLS 光栅在 633 nm 处表现出 71% 的一级衍射效率，并且积分散射光小于 5%。对于未来的天文学应用来说，重要的是，两种光栅都能在冷却至 20 K 的温度下幸存下来。本文总结了光栅设计和 ULI 制造工艺，并提供了 VPG 的衍射效率性能和闪耀曲线的详细信息。与传统制造技术相比，ULI 可用于在几乎任何介电材料中制造 VPG，包括中红外传输材料，例如此处使用的 GLS 玻璃。此外，ULI 还可以自由地生产复杂的凹槽图案或闪耀光栅。出于这些原因，我们相信 ULI 为未来天文学相关应用开发新型 VPG 开辟了道路。
Ultrafast laser inscription (ULI) is a rapidly maturing technique which uses focused ultrashort laser pulses to locally modify the refractive index of dielectric materials in three-dimensions (3D). Recently, ULI has been applied to the fabrication of astrophotonic devices such as integrated beam combiners, 3D integrated waveguide fan-outs and multimode-to-single mode convertors (photonic lanterns). Here, we outline our work on applying ULI to the fabrication of volume phase gratings (VPGs) in fused silica and gallium lanthanum sulphide (GLS) glasses. The VPGs we fabricated had a spatial frequency of 333 lines/mm. The optimum fused silica grating was found to exhibit a first order diffraction efficiency of 40 % at 633 nm, but exhibited approximately 40 % integrated scattered light. The optimum GLS grating was found to exhibit a first order diffraction efficiency of 71 % at 633 nm and less than 5 % integrated scattered light. Importantly for future astronomy applications, both gratings survived cooling to 20 K. This paper summarises the grating design and ULI manufacturing process, and provides details of the diffraction efficiency performance and blaze curves for the VPGs. In contrast to conventional fabrication technologies, ULI can be used to fabricate VPGs in almost any dielectric material, including mid-IR transmitting materials such as the GLS glass used here. Furthermore, ULI potentially provides the freedom to produce complex groove patterns or blazed gratings. For these reasons, we believe that ULI opens the way towards the development of novel VPGs for future astronomy related applications.