Dimensions of executive functioning in schizophrenia and their relationship with processing speed.
Dimensions of executive functioning in schizophrenia and their relationship with processing speed.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1093/schbul/sbq149
复制
发表时间：
2012-06
影响因子：
6.6
通讯作者：
G. Savla;E. Twamley;D. Delis;S. Roesch;D. Jeste;B. Palmer
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
G. Savla;E. Twamley;D. Delis;S. Roesch;D. Jeste;B. Palmer
精神分裂症中执行功能障碍的性质是模糊的，由于概念化和操作化的结构不一致，以及精神分裂症是否最好的特征是特异性与全身性认知缺陷。本研究旨在确定精神分裂症患者的执行功能是否代表单一与多样的结构。研究对象包括145名社区精神分裂症患者。使用Delis-Kaplan执行功能系统（D-KEFS）测量执行功能。我们进行了一个探索性因素分析（EFA）与主轴因子分解，以及平行分析，以检查潜在的结构背后的D-KEFS任务，第二个EFA的加权残差的D-KEFS任务（在考虑了用数字符号任务测量的处理速度之后），和双变量相关性以检查D-KEFS组分与相关人口统计学和临床变量之间的关系，具体的语言知识和功能能力。结果D-KEFS任务的EFA产生2个因素（认知灵活性/定时测试和抽象）。EFA的处理速度加权D-KEFS残差也产生了2个因素（认知灵活性和抽象）。认知灵活性与精神病理学呈负相关。更好的抽象与更高的教育，更短的病程，更好的功能能力。这两个因素都与具体的语言知识呈正相关。结论精神分裂症患者的执行功能可分为两个部分相关但可分离的子结构。未来的努力，以阐明功能的结果，以及精神分裂症的神经生物学基础，可能有助于出席认知灵活性和抽象之间的区别。
CONTEXT The nature of executive dysfunction in schizophrenia is nebulous, due to inconsistencies in conceptualizing and operationalizing the construct, and the broader question of whether schizophrenia is best characterized in terms of specific vs generalized cognitive deficits. The current study aimed to determine whether executive functions represent unitary vs diverse constructs in schizophrenia. METHODS Participants included 145 community-dwelling individuals with schizophrenia. Executive functions were measured with the Delis-Kaplan Executive Functioning System (D-KEFS). We conducted an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) with principal axis factoring, as well as parallel analyses to examine the latent constructs underlying the D-KEFS tasks, a second EFA on weighted residuals of the D-KEFS tasks (after accounting for processing speed measured with the Digit Symbol task), and bivariate correlations to examine relationships between the D-KEFS components and relevant demographic and clinical variables, crystallized verbal knowledge, and functional capacity. RESULTS EFA of the D-KEFS tasks yielded 2 factors (cognitive flexibility/timed tests and abstraction). EFA of the processing speed-weighted D-KEFS residuals also yielded 2 factors (cognitive flexibility and abstraction). Cognitive flexibility was negatively correlated with psychopathology. Better abstraction was associated with higher education, shorter illness duration, and better functional capacity. Both factors were positively correlated with crystallized verbal knowledge. CONCLUSIONS Executive functions in schizophrenia could be parsed into 2 partially related but separable subconstructs. Future efforts to elucidate functional outcomes as well as neurobiological underpinnings of schizophrenia may be facilitated by attending to the distinction between cognitive flexibility and abstraction.