Public Religions Revisited
Public Religions Revisited
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重新审视公共宗教
DOI：
10.30965/9783657766710_017
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发表时间：
2008
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
J. Casanova
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Casanova
《现代世界的公共宗教》出版至今已有十多年了，可以有信心地断言，在那里首次提出的论文，我们正在目睹宗教“去私有化”的过程，作为一种相对全球的趋势，这已经得到了充分的证实。然而，在我看来，这本书最重要的贡献，与其说是对这种新的全球趋势的相对有先见之明的经验观察，不如说是对自由主义私有化理论的分析理论和规范挑战，即声称现代世界宗教私有化的论点无论在经验上还是在规范上都不再是可辩护的。在某种意义上，宗教“去私有化”有效性的最佳证明可以在世俗化的中心地带，即西欧社会找到。可以肯定的是，如果排除大量涌入的新移民宗教，在欧洲人口中几乎没有任何宗教复兴的迹象。但是，在欧洲社会的公共领域，宗教无疑已经成为一个有争议的问题。现在谈论一个后世俗的欧洲可能还为时过早，但人们可以肯定地感觉到欧洲时代精神的重大转变。起初，作为一种新的全球趋势，宗教去私有化的论点在欧洲并没有引起多大的共鸣。宗教私有化被认为是理所当然的，这既是一个正常的经验事实，也是现代欧洲社会的规范。现代公共宗教的概念仍然太不和谐，其他地方的宗教复兴可以简单地解释为，或者更确切地说，解释为原教旨主义在非现代社会中的兴起。但最近，至少在过去的三四年里，整个欧洲的态度和注意力都发生了明显的变化。每隔两周，人们就会听说欧洲某地正在筹划召开新的重大宗教会议，或者新成立了一个研究中心或研究项目，主题是“宗教与政治”、“移民与宗教”、“宗教与暴力”或“宗教间对话”。最能说明问题的是，今天在欧洲，很少有人只是简单地重申私有化的旧论点，而不加修改和修饰。即使是自信的法国laïcité也处于守势，准备做出一些让步。9月的恐怖袭击……
It has been now over a decade since the publication of Public Religions in the Modern World and it can be asserted with some confidence that the thesis first presented there that we were witnessing a process of "de-privatization" of religion as a relatively global trend has been amply confirmed. 1 The most important contribution of the book, in my view however, was not so much the relatively prescient empirical observation of such a new global trend, but the analytical-theoretical and normative challenge to the liberal theory of privatization, namely the claim that the thesis of privatization of religion in the modern world was no longer defensible either empirically or normatively. In a certain sense, the best confirmation of the validity of the "de-privatization" of religion can be found in the heartland of secularization, that is, in Western European societies. To be sure, there is very little evidence of any kind of religious revival among the European population, if one excludes the significant influx of new immigrant religions. 2 But religion has certainly returned as a contentious issue to the public sphere of European societies. It may be premature to speak of a post-secular Europe, but certainly one can sense a significant shift in the European Zeitgeist. At first the thesis of the de-privatization of religion as a new global trend did not find much resonance in Europe. The privatization of religion was simply taken too much for granted both as a normal empirical fact and as the norm for modern European societies. The concept of modern public religion was still too dissonant and religious revivals elsewhere could simply be explained or rather explained away as the rise of fundamentalism in not yet modern societies. But recently, in the last three-four years at least, there has been a noticeable change in attitude and attention throughout Europe. Every second week one learns of a new major conference on religion being planned somewhere in Europe, or of the establishment of some newly funded research center or research project on " religion and politics " or on "immigration and religion" or on " religion and violence " or on " interreligious dialogue. " Most tellingly, there are very few voices in Europe today simply restating the old thesis of privatization unrevised and unadorned. Even the self-assured French laïcité is on the defensive and ready to make some concessions. The terrorist attacks of September …