Monooxygenases as biocatalysts: Classification, mechanistic aspects and biotechnological applications
Monooxygenases as biocatalysts: Classification, mechanistic aspects and biotechnological applications
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jbiotec.2010.01.021
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发表时间：
2010-03-01
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Fraaije, M. W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pazmino, D. E. Torres;Winkler, M.;Fraaije, M. W.
单加氧酶是催化O-2中的单个氧原子插入有机底物的酶。为了进行这种类型的反应，这些酶需要激活分子氧以克服其与有机底物的自旋禁戒反应。在大多数情况下，单加氧酶利用（在）有机辅因子将电子转移到分子氧以使其活化。单加氧酶通常是高度化学选择性、区域选择性和/或对映选择性的，使它们成为有吸引力的生物催化剂。在这篇评论中，一个独家概述已知的单加氧酶，根据这些酶所需的辅因子的类型。这不仅包括细胞色素P450和黄素依赖性单加氧酶，还包括利用蝶呤、金属离子（铜或铁）或根本不使用辅因子的酶。由于大多数单加氧酶需要烟酰胺辅酶作为电子供体，因此还概述了目前辅酶再生的方法。后者的概述与这些氧化酶的生物技术应用有关。(C)2010 Elsevier B. V.保留所有权利。
Monooxygenases are enzymes that catalyze the insertion of a single oxygen atom from O-2 into an organic substrate. In order to carry out this type of reaction, these enzymes need to activate molecular oxygen to overcome its spin-forbidden reaction with the organic substrate. In most cases, monooxygenases utilize (in)organic cofactors to transfer electrons to molecular oxygen for its activation. Monooxygenases typically are highly chemo-, regio-, and/or enantioselective, making them attractive biocatalysts. In this review, an exclusive overview of known monooxygenases is presented, based on the type of cofactor that these enzymes require. This includes not only the cytochrome P450 and Flavin-dependent monooxygenases, but also enzymes that utilize pterin, metal ions (copper or iron) or no cofactor at all. As most of these monooxygenases require nicotinamide coenzymes as electron donors, also an overview of current methods for coenzyme regeneration is given. This latter overview is of relevance for the biotechnological applications of these oxidative enzymes. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.