The spontaneous emergence of conventions: An experimental study of cultural evolution
The spontaneous emergence of conventions: An experimental study of cultural evolution
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1418838112
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发表时间：
2015-02-17
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Baronchelli, Andrea
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Centola, Damon;Baronchelli, Andrea
在复杂的去中心化社会系统中，共有的惯例是如何出现的？这个问题涉及语言学、社会学和认知科学等不同领域。以往试图解决这一难题的实证研究都假定，需要正式或非正式的制度，如促进全球协议的激励措施、协调领导或关于人口的汇总信息，来促进解决方案。相比之下，社会习俗的进化理论则假设，社会习俗的形成并不需要这样的制度。然而，这一假设的实证检验受到了阻碍，难以评估在大型分散人口中实时创建新的集体行为。在这里，我们提出的实验结果，在几个规模复制，这表明自发创建普遍采用的社会公约，并显示如何简单的变化，人口的网络结构可以直接规范的形成动态，驱动人口没有野心的大规模协调迅速发展共享的社会公约。
How do shared conventions emerge in complex decentralized social systems? This question engages fields as diverse as linguistics, sociology, and cognitive science. Previous empirical attempts to solve this puzzle all presuppose that formal or informal institutions, such as incentives for global agreement, coordinated leadership, or aggregated information about the population, are needed to facilitate a solution. Evolutionary theories of social conventions, by contrast, hypothesize that such institutions are not necessary in order for social conventions to form. However, empirical tests of this hypothesis have been hindered by the difficulties of evaluating the real-time creation of new collective behaviors in large decentralized populations. Here, we present experimental results-replicated at several scales-that demonstrate the spontaneous creation of universally adopted social conventions and show how simple changes in a population's network structure can direct the dynamics of norm formation, driving human populations with no ambition for large scale coordination to rapidly evolve shared social conventions.