Antimicrobial use in agriculture: controlling the transfer of antimicrobial resistance to humans.
Antimicrobial use in agriculture: controlling the transfer of antimicrobial resistance to humans.
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DOI：
10.1053/j.spid.2004.01.010
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发表时间：
2004-04-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Barrett, Timothy J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Angulo, Frederick J;Baker, Nicole L;Barrett, Timothy J
沙门氏菌和弯曲杆菌感染常见于儿童。其中一些感染很严重，需要使用抗菌剂进行治疗。人类使用的许多种类的抗菌剂也用于食用动物，用于促进生长、预防疾病和治疗。在食用动物中使用此类抗菌剂增加了人类细菌病原体(如沙门氏菌或弯曲杆菌)对批准用于人类药物的药物产生交叉抗药性的可能性。耐药性决定因素也可以通过食物供应将抗性决定因素从食用动物传播给人类，这些细菌通常是共生的，如大肠杆菌和肠球菌。临床医生应该意识到，食源性病原体的抗菌素耐药性正在增加，以任何理由服用抗菌剂的患者获得抗菌素抗药性食源性感染的风险增加。几个欧洲国家已经证明，在限制食用动物使用抗菌剂之后，可以在不损害动物健康或显著增加生产成本的情况下，降低人类的抗菌素耐药性。在人类和食用动物中适当使用抗菌剂是保持其有效性的一个重要因素。
Salmonella and Campylobacter infections occur commonly in children. Some of these infections are severe, requiring treatment with antimicrobial agents. Many classes of antimicrobial agents that are used in humans also are used in food animals for growth promotion, disease prevention, and therapy. The use of such antimicrobial agents in food animals increases the likelihood that human bacterial pathogens that have food animal reservoirs, such as Salmonella or Campylobacter, will develop cross-resistance to drugs approved for use in human medicine. Resistance determinants also may be transmitted from food animals to humans through the food supply with bacteria that usually are commensal, such as Escherichia coli and enterococci. Clinicians should be aware that antimicrobial resistance is increasing in food-borne pathogens and that patients who are taking antimicrobial agents for any reason are at increased risk for acquiring antimicrobial-resistant food-borne infections. Several European countries have demonstrated that restricting the use of antimicrobial agents in food animals can be followed by a decrease in antimicrobial resistance in humans without compromising animal health or significantly increasing the cost of production. Appropriate use of antimicrobial agents in humans and food animals is an important factor in maintaining their effectiveness.