THE UNCERTAIN RESPONSE IN THE BOTTLE-NOSED-DOLPHIN (TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS)
THE UNCERTAIN RESPONSE IN THE BOTTLE-NOSED-DOLPHIN (TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS)
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DOI：
10.1037/0096-3445.124.4.391
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发表时间：
1995-12-01
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
ERB, L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
SMITH, JD;SCHULL, J;ERB, L
人类通过逃避或寻找更多信息来适应不确定性。为了促进对不确定性过程的比较研究，我们询问人类和宽吻海豚(Tursioptruncatus)是否会使用类似的心理物理不确定反应。人类观察者和海豚被给予了两个主要的辨别反应，并获得了一种方法，可以逃避选定的试验，进入更容易的试验。人类在接近临界点的最艰难的试验中幸免于难，这让他们明显不确定刺激措施。海豚的表现几乎是一样的。从信号检测理论和最优性理论的角度考虑了这两个种群的行为，并讨论了其适当的解释。人类和海豚的不确定反应似乎是有趣的认知类比，可能取决于认知或受控的决策机制。监控正在进行的认知，并适当地使用不确定性的能力，将是动物思维的一种有价值的适应。这建议将不确定性过程作为未来比较研究的一个重要但被忽视的领域。
Humans respond adaptively to uncertainty by escaping or seeking additional information. To foster a comparative study of uncertainty processes, we asked whether humans and a bottlenosed dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) would use similarly a psychophysical uncertain response. Human observers and the dolphin were given 2 primary discrimination responses and a way to escape chosen trials into easier ones. Humans escaped sparingly from the most difficult trials near threshold that left them demonstrably uncertain of the stimulus. The dolphin performed nearly identically. The behavior of both species is considered from the perspectives of signal detection theory and optimality theory, and its appropriate interpretation is discussed. Human and dolphin uncertain responses seem to be interesting cognitive analogs and may depend on cognitive or controlled decisional mechanisms. The capacity to monitor ongoing cognition, and use uncertainty appropriately, would be a valuable adaptation for animal minds. This recommends uncertainty processes as an important but neglected area for future comparative research.