Taking Calvarial Grafts, Either Split In Situ or Splitting of the Parietal Bone Flap Ex Vivo—Tools and Techniques: V. A 9650-Case Experience in Craniofacial and Maxillofacial Surgery
Taking Calvarial Grafts, Either Split In Situ or Splitting of the Parietal Bone Flap Ex Vivo—Tools and Techniques: V. A 9650-Case Experience in Craniofacial and Maxillofacial Surgery
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取颅骨移植物，无论是原位劈开还是体外顶骨瓣劈开——工具和技术：五、颅颌面外科9650例经验
DOI：
10.1097/01.prs.0000173949.51391.d4
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发表时间：
2005
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
S. Wolfe
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Paul Tessier;Henry K. Kawamoto;J. Posnick;Y. Raulo;J. Tulasne;S. Wolfe
1890 年，Mueller 和 Konig 报道了使用带蒂的皮肤和邻近颅骨膜的外表颅骨移植物来纠正颅骨缺损，1,2，1895 年 von Eiselsberg 报告了 8 名患者，其中 5 人接受了 Mueller/Konig 方法治疗，取得了良好的效果。3 1903 年，von Hacker 通过仅采用带蒂的颅骨膜外表移植物简化了该方法，4 1905 年，Keen5 报告称，从头骨的邻近区域取出外层碎片，能够修复长达 5 × 7 厘米的缺损。 1907年，Sohr6采用了无骨膜移植的大型外桌移植物，Axhausen7于1909年报道了使用不附着骨膜的游离外桌颅骨移植物。在 1908 年撰写的关于颅骨缺陷矫正的一章中，哈维·库欣 (Harvey Cushing)8 提到了柯尼格 (Konig) 和米勒 (Mueller) 的胫骨移植物和骨骨膜瓣的使用，他表示，“为此目的使用异质材料（例如赛璐珞或银板）已不再是常见做法，尽管大自然有时会宽容地容忍它们的插入。” Dandy9 报道了使用从颅顶取出的骨移植物来修复一名脑膜膨出患者远端区域的颅底缺损。第一次世界大战期间，Delageniere 使用邻近区域的骨移植物来修复弹道损伤造成的颅骨缺损。10 第二次世界大战期间，Virenque11 再次收获颅骨移植物来重建颅骨。到 1970 年，在开发出治疗面部畸形的颅骨方法后，吉奥特和泰西尔经常使用颅骨“皮瓣”分裂产生的骨头来纠正其他颅骨缺陷（脑膨出和以前的颅骨切除术）。尽管神经外科医生最初通过维持颞肌或头皮的附着来保留骨骼的血液供应，但“皮瓣”一词的使用并不符合当今的外科术语。 Santoni-Rugiu12 报道了使用外表的骨骨膜游离移植物修复颅骨缺损。 Shehadi13于1970年报道了使用神经外科穿孔器采集的骨粉来重建颅骨缺损，但术后X光片并不令人信服。 Psillakis 及其同事 14 于 1979 年使用坚固的外桌顶叶移植物来治疗额叶缺损，并取得了更有说服力的结果。 1982年，Tessier15报道了通过“全分裂法”进行的103例面部和额叶重建。他将全层顶骨瓣分成条状。然而，自 20 世纪 70 年代末以来，原位劈开颅骨 (SISC) 移植物也已得到常规使用，当时
In 1890, Mueller and Konig reported on the use of outer table calvarial bone grafts pedicled on skin and adjacent pericranium to correct cranial defects,1,2 and in 1895 von Eiselsberg reported on eight patients, five of whom had been treated with the Mueller/Konig approach with good results.3 In 1903, von Hacker simplified the method by taking an outer table graft pedicled on pericranium alone,4 and in 1905, Keen5 reported taking outer table chips from adjacent areas of the skull and was able to close defects up to 5 7 cm. In 1907, Sohr6 took a large outer table graft that was transferred without pericranium, and Axhausen7 in 1909 reported on using a free outer table cranial graft without attached periosteum. In a chapter written in 1908 on the correction of cranial defects, Harvey Cushing8 mentioned the use of tibial grafts and the osteoperiosteal flaps of Konig and Mueller, and he stated, “It is no longer a common practice to use heterogenous material for this purpose, such as celluloid or silver plates, although nature sometimes endures their insertion with charitable tolerance.” Dandy9 reported the use of bone grafts taken from the cranial vault to repair a skull base defect in a distant area in a patient with meningocele. During World War I, Delageniere used bone grafts from adjacent areas to repair cranial defects created by ballistic injuries.10 World War II again witnessed the harvesting of calvarial grafts by Virenque11 to reconstruct the skull cap. By 1970, after developing the cranial approach to treat facial malformations, Guiot and Tessier often used bone derived from splitting of the cranial bone “flaps” to correct other cranial defects (encephaloceles and previous craniectomies). The use of the word flap is not in keeping with today’s surgical parlance, although initially, neurosurgeons preserved the blood supply to the bone by maintaining an attachment to the temporal muscle or to the scalp. Santoni-Rugiu12 had reported on repair of skull defects using osteoperiosteal free grafts from the outer table. Shehadi13 in 1970 reported on the use of bone dust harvested with a neurosurgical perforator for the reconstruction of cranial defects, but the postoperative radiographs were not convincing. Psillakis and colleagues14 in 1979 used a solid outer table parietal graft for a frontal defect with more convincing results. In 1982, Tessier15 reported on 103 facial and frontal reconstructions carried out by the “total splitting method.” He split a full-thickness parietal bone flap into strips. However, the split in situ calvarial (SISC) graft had also been in regular use since the late 1970s, when the