NUTRITIONAL STATES OF MALE TSETSE-FLIES (GLOSSINA SPP) (DIPTERA, GLOSSINIDAE) CAUGHT IN ODOR-BAITED TRAPS AND ARTIFICIAL REFUGES - MODELS FOR FEEDING AND DIGESTION
NUTRITIONAL STATES OF MALE TSETSE-FLIES (GLOSSINA SPP) (DIPTERA, GLOSSINIDAE) CAUGHT IN ODOR-BAITED TRAPS AND ARTIFICIAL REFUGES - MODELS FOR FEEDING AND DIGESTION
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DOI：
10.1017/s0007485300041754
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发表时间：
1993-03-01
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
PACKER, MJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
HARGROVE, JW;PACKER, MJ
在津巴布韦的人工避难所捕获的雄性褐家蝇和奥斯丁褐家蝇的血红素含量是用气味诱捕器捕获的蝇类的6倍，脂肪含量高达32%，但两种方法之间的血红素特异性脂肪水平没有显著差异。据估计，在取样前喂养< 9小时的苍白棘球绦虫含有约3.3毫克脂肪-仅比峰值水平低10%。建立了一个血粉代谢的微分方程模型，该模型很好地描述了实验室摩尔西坦鼠脂肪水平的变化以及野外数据中脂肪与对数血红素之间的关系。该模型预测白斑棘球蚴的平均采食间隔(T)为54 ~ 65 h，采食时平均脂肪含量约为2.8 mg。当血红蛋白频率数据按照文献中的建议进行分析时，摄食率和间隔以及非摄食阶段的估计因采样方法而异。已发表的与摄食有关的活动水平估计表明，摄食率在营养循环中近似线性增加。对于t58 h，该模型可以很好地预测两种物种的平均脂肪水平和差异，饥饿率< 1% /天。具有较长非喂养阶段的模型预测的脂肪水平比观察到的低40%，且方差较小。在饲喂率不变的情况下，脂肪水平在T = 54 h内得到了很好的预测，但预测的死亡率（仅因饥饿导致的死亡率为5%/天）高得不可能。这表明，在营养循环的早期，有一部分高脂肪水平的采采蝇以流动宿主为食，而且这种影响在G. m. morsitans中比G. pallidipes中更为明显。对T的过高估计是由于没有考虑到这些采采蝇，而不是由于假设时间尺度的错误，也不是由于没有捕捉到访问固定陷阱的高脂肪采采蝇。
Male Glossina morsitans morsitans Westwood and Glossina pallidipes Austen caught in artificial refuges in Zimbabwe had ca. six times as much haematin and up to 32% more fat than flies from odour-baited traps, but haematin-specific fat levels did not differ significantly between methods. G. pallidipes estimated to have fed < 9 h prior to sampling contained ca. 3.3 mg fat - only 10% less than peak levels. A differential equation model for blood-meal metabolism was developed which described well the changes in fat levels of laboratory G. m. morsitans and the relationship between fat and log haematin in field data. The model predicts a mean feeding interval (T) of 54 - 65 h and mean fat levels of ca. 2.8 mg for G. pallidipes at feeding. When haematin frequency data were analysed as suggested in the literature, estimates of feeding rates and intervals, and of the non-feeding phase, varied with sampling method. Published estimates of activitv levels related to feeding suggest a model where feeding rates increase approximately linearly during the trophic cycle. For T 58 h the model gives good predictions of mean fat levels and variances in both species, with starvation rates < 1 % /day. Models with long non-feeding phases predict fat levels up to 40% lower than observed and with smaller variances. For constant feeding rates, fat levels were well predicted for T = 54 h, but predicted death rates (> 5%/day due to starvation alone) were impossibly high. It is suggested that a proportion of tsetse flies with high fat levels feed on mobile hosts early in the trophic cycle and that this effect is more marked for G. m. morsitans than for G. pallidipes. Over-estimates of T result from the failure to consider these tsetse flies and not to errors in the assumed time scale, nor failure to catch high-fat tsetse flies which visit stationary traps.