Developmental integration in a complex morphological structure: how distinct are the modules in the mouse mandible?
Developmental integration in a complex morphological structure: how distinct are the modules in the mouse mandible?
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DOI：
10.1046/j.1525-142x.2003.03057.x
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发表时间：
2003-09-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Auffray, JC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Klingenberg, CP;Mebus, K;Auffray, JC
小鼠下颌骨长期以来一直是研究复杂形态结构发育和进化的模型系统。我们使用几何形态测量学的方法来重新评估下颌骨由两个独立的模块组成的假设：前部承载牙齿，后部具有肌肉附着表面并与颅骨连接。这些分析特别关注波动不对称性的协变，因为这种协变完全是由于产生感兴趣的性状的发育过程之间的直接相互作用，而个体之间的性状变化也反映了其他因素。波动的不对称性和个体变异的模式只有部分一致，表明发展过程中的差异，在不同的水平上的变化。结果与下颌骨的前部和后部是独立的发育模块的假设一致。将地标的所有替代分区比较为两个连续子集证实了模块之间边界位置的假设，但也强调了它们之间的分离是不完整的。因此，模块性表现为在下颌骨整体整合的框架内各部分的相对独立性，这是一个程度问题，而不是全部或全部。
The mouse mandible has long served as a model system for studying the development and evolution of complex morphological structures. We used the methods of geometric morphometrics to reassess the hypothesis that the mandible consists of two separate modules: an anterior part bearing the teeth and a posterior part with muscle attachment surfaces and articulating with the skull. The analyses particularly focused on covariation of fluctuating asymmetry, because such covariation is due exclusively to direct interactions between the developmental processes that produce the traits of interest, whereas variation of traits among individuals also reflects other factors. The patterns of fluctuating asymmetry and individual variation were only partly consistent, indicating that developmental processes contribute differentially to variation at different levels. The results were in agreement with the hypothesis that the anterior and posterior parts of the mandible are separate developmental modules. Comparison of all alternative partitions of the landmarks into two contiguous subsets confirmed the hypothesis for the location of the boundary between modules but also underscored that the separation between them is not complete. Modularity is therefore manifest as the relative independence of parts within the framework of overall integration of the mandible as a whole-it is a matter of degrees, not all or nothing.