Evaluation of the infectivity, gene and antigenicity persistence of rotaviruses by free chlorine disinfection
Evaluation of the infectivity, gene and antigenicity persistence of rotaviruses by free chlorine disinfection
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游离氯消毒评价轮状病毒的感染性、基因和抗原性持久性
DOI：
10.1016/s1001-0742(10)60623-7
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发表时间：
2011-01-01
影响因子：
6.9
通讯作者：
Shi, Hanchang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Li, Dan;Gu, April Z.;Shi, Hanchang
通过实验室规模的氯消毒实验，研究了自来水和污水经氯消毒后对轮状病毒感染性、基因完整性和表面抗原的影响。分别采用空斑试验、整合细胞培养-定量RT-PCR（ICC-RT-qPCR）、RT-qPCR和酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）评估消毒剂对猴轮状病毒SA 11作为人轮状病毒替代物的病毒感染性以及遗传和抗原完整性的影响。ICC-RT-qPCR能够检测氯剂量高达20 mg/L（接触60 min）的氯消毒中的轮状病毒存活，这表明所需的氯剂量比空斑试验指示的高5倍（从1到5 mg/L），以实现自来水中暴露60 min的1.8 log（10）减少。VP 7基因在20 mg/L以下（接触60 min）仍具有抗性，而在5 mg/L以上（接触60 min）则检测不到抗原性。水质对轮状病毒的灭活效果也有影响，在相同的氯消毒处理条件下，二级出水中的轮状病毒比自来水中的轮状病毒具有相对较高的抗性。本研究表明轮状病毒对氯的感染性、基因和抗原抗性均高于以往仅用空斑法所显示的结果，这似乎低估了轮状病毒对氯的抗性和环境中轮状病毒的风险。目前的研究结果还表明，可能需要通过更敏感的感染性检测方法（如ICC-RT-qPCR）重新评估消毒后其他水传播病毒的抗性，以确定灭活水传播病毒所需的适当消毒剂剂量。
The effects of free chlorine disinfection of tap water and wastewater effluents on the infectivity, gene integrity and surface antigens of rotaviruses were evaluated by a bench-scale chlorine disinfection experiments. Plaque assays, integrated cell culture-quantitative RT-PCR (ICC-RT-qPCR), RT-qPCR, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), respectively, were used to assess the influence of the disinfectant on virus infectivity as well as genetic and antigenic integrity of simian rotavirus SA11 as a surrogate for human rotaviruses. The ICC-RT-qPCR was able to detect rotaviruses survival from chlorine disinfection at chlorine dose up to 20 mg/L (60 min contact), which suggested a required chlorine dose of 5 folds (from 1 to 5 mg/L) higher than that indicated by the plaque assay to achieve 1.8 log(10) reductions in tap water with 60 min exposing. The VP7 gene was more resistant than the infectivity and existed at chlorine dose up to 20 mg/L (60 min contact), while the antigencity was undetectable with chlorine dose more than 5 mg/L (60 min contact). The water quality also impacted the inactivation efficiencies, and rotaviruses have a relatively higher resistant in secondary effluents than in the tap water under the same chlorine disinfection treatments. This study indicated that rotaviruses have a higher infectivity, gene and antigencity resistance to chlorine than that previously indicated by plaque assay only, which seemed to underestimate the resistance of rotaviruses to chlorine and the risk of rotaviruses in environments. Present results also suggested that re-evaluation of resistance of other waterborne viruses after disinfections by more sensitive infectivity detection method (such as ICC-RT-qPCR) may be necessary, to determine the adequate disinfectant doses required for the inactivation of waterborne viruses.