The Thames Barrier Project
The Thames Barrier Project
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泰晤士河屏障工程
DOI：
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发表时间：
1979
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
R. W. Horner
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. W. Horner
该文件提请人们注意，由于北海的风暴条件导致泰晤士河口水位异常高，伦敦面临洪水风险。由于伦敦桥高水位每世纪约 0.6 米的高水位发生不利变化，风险正在增加。由于伦敦几个世纪以来的发展模式，目前的情况是，如果泰晤士河潮水超过现有的防洪堤，115平方公里的密集建筑区将面临被洪水淹没的危险。这些提供了高于预测最高潮汐约 1.2 米的干舷，但由于北海的大风，曾出现过比预测高出 2.5 米的高水位，但幸运的是，到目前为止，还没有出现预测高潮。为了消除这一风险，1972年，政府和GLC联合决定在伍尔维奇河段的西半部修建跨河屏障。通过将现有的防洪堤提高 2 米，可以为更下游的建筑区提供保护。屏障有四个 61 米的主门，开口宽度与塔桥主跨相同，还有六个 31 米的较小开口。通常，潮汐会自由流过该结构，只有当外河口出现危险情况时，闸门才会关闭。在该建筑的早期寿命期间，预计每年关闭 2 至 3 次，到下个世纪，每年可能会关闭 10 次。桥墩土木工程、闸门结构工程以及运行机械的电气和机械工程的主要合同于 1974 年签订，主要土木工程的现场工作于 1975 年开始。该结构现已完成一半左右，按照目前的计划，屏障将于 1982 年底投入使用。
The paper draws attention to the flood risk to London as a result of storm conditions in the North Sea leading to exceptionally high water levels in the Thames Estuary. The risk is increasing because of the adverse change which is taking place in high water levels at London Bridge of about 0.6 metres per century. Due to the pattern of development of London over the centuries, the present situation is such that 115 km2 of densely built-up area is at risk of flooding should the tidal Thames over-top the existing flood defences. These provide a freeboard above the highest predicted tides of about 1.2 metres but due to gales in the North Sea, high water levels 2.5 metres above those predicted have been experienced but, so far, fortunately not on a high predicted tide. To eliminate this risk, in 1972 the decision was taken jointly by the Government and the GLC, to build a barrier across the river in the western half of Woolwich Reach. Protection to built-up areas further downstream is being provided by raising the existing flood defences by as much as 2 metres. The Barrier has four main gates of 61 metres, the same width of opening as the main span of Tower Bridge, and six smaller openings of 31 metres. Normally the tide will flow freely through the structure, the gates being closed only when dangerous conditions are developing in the outer estuary. Two to three closures per year are expected during the early life of the structure increasing possibly up to ten per year in the next century. The main contracts for the civil engineering work on the piers, the structural work on the gates, and the electrical and mechanical work ofthe operating machinery were placed in 1974, and work on site on the main civil contract started in 1975. The structure is now about half completed, and on the present programme the Barrier will be operable at the end of 1982.