The Chronicle of a Disease Foretold: Pandemic H1N1 and the Construction of a Global Health Security Threat
The Chronicle of a Disease Foretold: Pandemic H1N1 and the Construction of a Global Health Security Threat
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1467-9248.2011.00925.x
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发表时间：
2011-12-01
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Abraham, Thomas
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Abraham, Thomas
从2004年开始的这段时期，美国和全球对禽流感和大流行性流感的关注急剧增加。几十年来一直被列为“沉闷但有价值”传染病的一种疾病被提升为对全球卫生安全的一种风险。流感的证券化并非没有问题。2009年的流感大流行比预期的要温和得多，而制定计划和调动资源所依据的许多科学依据都是错误的。敦促具有其他疾病优先事项的发展中国家将资源投入大流行病规划工作，并改变家禽饲养做法。文章认为，要将一个问题作为全球健康威胁证券化，美国必须发挥主导作用（或者至少支持其他主要大国的努力）。它使用哥本哈根学派的分析来研究禽流感和大流行性流感是如何在美国证券化的，然后使用框架的概念来研究这种疾病为什么被证券化，方法是通过观察围绕新出现的传染病的问题文化或话语的先前存在，这种文化或话语在2011年炭疽袭击之后变得突出。它最后考察了证券化对具有不同优先级的国家的影响。
The period beginning in 2004 saw an extraordinary spurt in attention paid to avian and pandemic influenza in the United States and at the global level. A disease that for decades had languished in the 'dull but worthy' category of infectious diseases was elevated to a risk to global health security. The securitisation of influenza was not unproblematic. The influenza pandemic of 2009 turned out to be far milder than anticipated, and much of the scientific basis on which planning had proceeded and resources had been mobilised turned out to be wrong. Developing countries with other disease priorities were urged to pour resources into pandemic planning exercises and change poultry-raising practices. The article argues that for an issue to be securitised as a global health threat, it is essential that the United States takes the lead role (or at the very least supports efforts by other leading powers). It uses the Copenhagen School's analysis to examine how avian and pandemic influenza was securitised in the United States, and then uses the concept of framing to examine why this disease was securitised by looking at the prior existence of an issue culture or discourse around emerging infectious diseases, which gained salience after the 2011 anthrax attacks. It finally looks at the impact of securitisation on countries with different priorities.