On a Probability Mechanism to Attain an Economic Balance Between the Resultant Error of Response and the Bias of Nonresponse
On a Probability Mechanism to Attain an Economic Balance Between the Resultant Error of Response and the Bias of Nonresponse
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论在响应的结果误差和不响应的偏差之间实现经济平衡的概率机制
DOI：
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发表时间：
1953
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
W. Deming
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
W. Deming
摘要 作者假设了一种同时产生无反应偏差和反应方差的概率机制。无响应源自要采样的宇宙成员的一系列分级类别。这些级别的范围从无法响应的坚不可摧的核心到完全响应的级别。不回应有两个原因，一是不在家，二是拒绝。拒绝有两种：永久拒绝和暂时拒绝。在家度过的时间的变化，以及暂时拒绝的坚定程度的变化，产生了分级的系列课程。无反应的偏差是由一个类别与另一个类别之间的任何特征的差异引起的。响应的方差源于单个类别中一个成员与另一个成员之间的任何特征的变化，以及来自该成员的响应数量的随机变化。初始样本大小的增加或更有效的选择方法将减少变异......
Abstract The author postulates a probability mechanism for the simultaneous production of the bias of nonresponse and for the variance of response. The nonresponse arises from a graded series of classes of the members of the universe to be sampled. The classes range from an impregnable core of no possible response, on up to a class of complete response. Nonresponse arises from two sources, not at home, and refusal. Refusals are of two kinds, permanent and temporary. The variation in the amount of time spent at home, and the variation in the firmness of the temporary refusal, produce the graded series of classes. The bias of nonresponse arises from the variation of any characteristic from one class to another. The variance of response arises from the variation of any characteristics from one member to another within a single class, and from the random variation in the number of responses therefrom. An increase in the size of the initial sample or a more efficient method of selection will decrease the varia...