Shallow-water habitats as sources of fallback foods for hominins.
Shallow-water habitats as sources of fallback foods for hominins.
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浅水栖息地是古人类的后备食物来源。
DOI：
10.1002/ajpa.21122
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发表时间：
2009
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Sarmiento,Esteban
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wrangham,Richard;Cheney,Dorothy;Seyfarth,Robert;Sarmiento,Esteban
地下贮藏器官（USO）被认为是稀树草原早期人类的重要后备食物，但关于哪些栖息地是USO的重要来源却鲜有讨论。古人类消耗的USO可能包括水下和地下储存器官，即，从水生和陆生的栖息地。浅水生境往往提供高植物生长率，高USO密度，和相对连续的USO全年可用性。奥卡万戈三角洲的狒狒使用水生USO作为后备食物，水生或半水生USO支持世界各地的高密度人口。正如预期的那样，非洲早更新世至中更新世显示了人类和傍人化石与浅水和洪水栖息地的联系，在那里可能发生了高密度的植物承载USO。由于热带地区的早期人类生活在相对干燥的栖息地，而其他地区的人类则生活在温带地区，因此非洲猿喜欢的那种成熟、多肉的水果通常不会全年都有。因此，我们认为，与水相关的USO可能是关键的后备食物，而旱季进入水生栖息地将是人类家园质量的重要预测因素。这项研究不同于传统的稀树草原黑猩猩模型的人类起源的建议，进入水生栖息地是适应稀树草原栖息地的必要条件。这也提出了一种可能性，即浅水中的捕捞效率促进了早期人类习惯性两足行走的适应。美国物理人类学杂志140：630-642，2009.© 2009 Wiley‐利斯公司
Underground storage organs (USOs) have been proposed as critical fallback foods for early hominins in savanna, but there has been little discussion as to which habitats would have been important sources of USOs. USOs consumed by hominins could have included both underwater and underground storage organs, i.e., from both aquatic and terrestrial habitats. Shallow aquatic habitats tend to offer high plant growth rates, high USO densities, and relatively continuous USO availability throughout the year. Baboons in the Okavango delta use aquatic USOs as a fallback food, and aquatic or semiaquatic USOs support high‐density human populations in various parts of the world. As expected given fossilization requisites, the African early‐ to mid‐Pleistocene shows an association ofHomoandParanthropusfossils with shallow‐water and flooded habitats where high densities of plant‐bearing USOs are likely to have occurred. Given that early hominins in the tropics lived in relatively dry habitats, while others occupied temperate latitudes, ripe, fleshy fruits of the type preferred by African apes would not normally have been available year round. We therefore suggest that water‐associated USOs were likely to have been key fallback foods, and that dry‐season access to aquatic habitats would have been an important predictor of hominin home range quality. This study differs from traditional savanna chimpanzee models of hominin origins by proposing that access to aquatic habitats was a necessary condition for adaptation to savanna habitats. It also raises the possibility that harvesting efficiency in shallow water promoted adaptations for habitual bipedality in early hominins. Am J Phys Anthropol 140:630–642, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.