Concentrations of airborne endotoxin and microorganisms at a 10,000-cow open-freestall dairy
Concentrations of airborne endotoxin and microorganisms at a 10,000-cow open-freestall dairy
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DOI：
10.2527/jas.2011-4002
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发表时间：
2011-10-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Bjorneberg, D. L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dungan, R. S.;Leytem, A. B.;Bjorneberg, D. L.
封闭式动物生产系统产生的生物气溶胶浓度增加，这对现场和顺风处的个人构成潜在的呼吸道健康风险。在这项纵向研究中，春季、夏季和秋季在爱达荷州南部的一家大型开放式奶牛场收集了空气中的内毒素和微生物。与背景环境大气相比，设施顺风 50 m 处的内毒素和可培养异养细菌浓度高达数百倍，然后在 200 m 处降至接近背景浓度。然而，顺风真菌浓度并未增加至高于背景浓度。顺风50 m处，平均可吸入内毒素浓度范围为每m(-3)空气5至4,243内毒素单位，而细菌浓度范围为每m(-3)空气102至104 cfu。尽管生物气溶胶浓度不遵循季节趋势，但它们确实与气象因素显着相关。研究发现，温度升高与细菌（r = 0.15，P < 0.05）、真菌（r = 0.14，P < 0.05）和可吸入内毒素（r = 0.32，P < 0.001）浓度增加呈正相关，而浓度与太阳辐射之间呈反比关系。 50 m 处的空气浓度在夜间最高，这可能是由于动物活动和风速的变化以及空气微生物暴露于紫外线辐射的减少所致。
Confined animal production systems produce increased bioaerosol concentrations, which are a potential respiratory health risk to individuals on site and downwind. In this longitudinal study, airborne endotoxin and microorganisms were collected during the spring, summer, and fall at a large, open-freestall dairy in southern Idaho. Compared with the background ambient atmosphere, both endotoxin and culturable heterotrophic bacteria concentrations were up to several-hundred-fold greater 50 m downwind from the facility, then decreased to near background concentrations at 200 m. However, downwind fungi concentrations were not increased above background concentrations. At 50 m downwind, the average inhalable endotoxin concentration ranged from 5 to 4,243 endotoxin units per m(-3), whereas bacteria concentrations ranged from 102 to 104 cfu per m(-3) of air. Although the bioaerosol concentrations did not follow a seasonal trend, they did significantly correlate with meteorological factors. Increasing temperature was found to be positively correlated with increasing bacteria (r = 0.15, P < 0.05), fungi (r = 0.14, P < 0.05), and inhalable endotoxin (r = 0.32, P < 0.001) concentrations, whereas an inverse relationship occurred between the concentration and solar radiation. The airborne concentrations at 50 m were also found to be greatest at night, which can likely be attributed to changes in animal activity and wind speed and reduced exposure of the airborne microorganisms to UV radiation.