EVOLUTION AT POPULATIONAL AND INTERPOPULATIONAL LEVELS - FOREWORD
EVOLUTION AT POPULATIONAL AND INTERPOPULATIONAL LEVELS - FOREWORD
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DOI：
10.1086/404323
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发表时间：
1964-01-01
影响因子：
6.5
通讯作者：
BLAIR, WF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
BLAIR, WF
同域的同类无尾两栖类共同存在的调整系统，以共存的人口，系统，反映了过去的历史下的人口allopatry，也反映了种间的相互作用下随后的同域。同域物种可能会通过错配而影响彼此，即使遗传交换被杂种不育或杂种无活力所阻止。几个隔离机制通常会限制任何给定的同域无尾两栖类的杂交，交配叫声的差异通常是至关重要的。调用的一些重要参数（即，频率和脉搏率）通常是身体大小的函数，因此这些属性的差异可能是身体大小适应性差异的次要影响。这一呼吁的其他参数本身似乎也是选择的主题。生态隔离机制可能是异地种群适应不同生活方式的副产品。杂种不育或不育的交配后机制反映了不同的发育系统，这些发育系统不一定是用于形态分类的表型性状的产生所涉及的遗传系统。对无尾两栖类中各种异域和同域物种对的研究表明，就目前所知，各种隔离机制的进化没有可预测的顺序。然而，同域物种的求偶叫声总是不同的，一些异域种群的求偶叫声已经被证明是不同的，足以让雌性区分自己和外来雄性的求偶叫声。一般来说，遗传不相容性似乎是进化的最后一种隔离机制。有些同域种是能育的，有些异域种是不育的。更大的分化交配呼叫在重叠区的物种对比在非重叠地区被视为证据，加强通过有限的杂交和选择对杂交的呼叫差异。
Sympatric congeneric anurans exist together under systems of adjustment to co-existence of their populations, systems that reflect a past history of the populations under allopatry and that also reflect interspecific interactions under subsequent sympatry. Sympatric species may affect one another through mismating even when genetic interchange is barred by hybrid sterility or hybrid inviability. Several isolating mechanisms usually operate to restrict hybridization of any given pair of sympatric anurans, with difference in mating call usually of paramount importance. Some important parameters of the call (viz., frequency and pulse rate) are usually functions of body size, and hence differentiation in these attributes may be a secondary effect of adaptive differentiation in body size. Other parameters of the call appear to have been the subject of selection per se. Ecological isolating mechanisms may represent side-products of adaptation to different ways of life in allopatric populations. Post-mating mechanisms of hybrid inviability or sterility reflect different developmental systems which are not necessarily the genetic systems involved in production of the phenotypic characters used in morphological classification. Examination of various allopatric and sympatric species pairs in the anurans indicates that, as known at present, there is no predictable sequence in which the various kinds of isolating mechanisms evolve. However, sympatric species always differ in mating call, and some allopatric populations have been shown to differ enough for the females to discriminate between the calls of their own and foreign males. In general, genetic incompatibility seems to be the last isolating mechanism to evolve. Some sympatric species are interfertile, and some allopatric species are intersterile. Greater differentiation of mating call in the overlap zone of species pairs than in non-overlap areas is taken as evidence for reinforcement of a difference in call through limited hybridization and selection against the hybridizers.