Biological activities of organic compounds adsorbed onto ambient air particles:: comparison between the cities of Teplice and Prague during the summer and winter seasons 2000-2001
Biological activities of organic compounds adsorbed onto ambient air particles:: comparison between the cities of Teplice and Prague during the summer and winter seasons 2000-2001
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/s0027-5107(02)00312-3
复制
发表时间：
2003-04-09
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Srám, RJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Binkovdá, B;Cerná, M;Srám, RJ
捷克共和国首都布拉格今天看来是该国污染最严重的居民区之一，而北波希米亚地区（前“黑三角地区”）的空气污染在过去十年中已大大减少，特别是气态污染物SO2。本研究评估了2000-2001年夏季和冬季在三个监测点(teplice （TP）、布拉格- smichov (PRG-SM)（市中心）和布拉格- libus (PRG-LB)（郊区）收集的吸附在环境空气颗粒（PM 10）上的复杂有机化合物混合物的生物活性。使用了以下具有显著不同终点的短期体外试验：采用鼠伤寒沙门菌TA98和YG1041进行细菌致突变性试验，采用脱细胞法（CT DNA）结合p -32后标记法评价DNA加合物形成能力，并进行鸡胚毒性筛选试验（CHEST）， YG1041菌株的致突变性试验结果脱细胞遗传毒性（DNA加合物）和胚胎毒性试验与所测EOM（二氯甲烷可提取有机物）样品中分析的八种致癌多环芳烃（PAHs）的数量有关。然而，EOM的生物效应在不同的地点并没有不同。就与颗粒相关的有机化合物（每单位空气体积）而言，环境空气的生物活性最高的是在夏季和冬季的布拉格市中心。在该地点，B[a]P浓度范围为0.1 ~ 8.9 ng/m（夏季和冬季分别为0.3和3.6 ng/m(3)）， 13种多环芳烃浓度范围为11 ~ 343 ng/m(3)（夏季和冬季分别为52和160 ng/m3）。一般而言，通过体外试验，在所有三个监测点，冬季的环境空气活度均高于夏季（TA98 +S9，接近4倍；YG1041 -S9，接近5倍；YG1041 +S9，接近8倍；CT DNA +S9，接近10倍；CHEST，接近10倍，B[a]P，致癌多环芳烃和分析的总多环芳烃，超过10倍）。夏季和冬季样品中各多环芳烃的比例不同，这表明交通是夏季的主要排放源，此外，三个监测点冬季的住宅供暖也是主要排放源。从体外脱细胞试验中得到的DNA加合物模式也显示出在所有三个位置的主要发射源相似。研究表明，颗粒结合致癌物-多环芳烃浓度可作为空气颗粒样品中生物活性（诱变、遗传毒性、胚胎毒性）成分的指标。因此，高质量的致癌性多环芳烃监测数据可能有助于开展空气污染对人群健康影响的流行病学研究，并有助于决策者改善我们的环境。(C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V.版权所有
The capital of the Czech Republic, Prague, appears today to be one of the most polluted residential areas,in the country, whereas air pollution in the Northern Bohemia region (the former "Black Triangle Region") has substantially decreased during the last decade, especially with respect to the gaseous pollutant SO2. This study evaluated the biological activities of complex mixtures of organic compounds adsorbed onto ambient air particles (PM 10) collected during the summer and winter seasons of 2000-2001 at three monitoring sites-Teplice (TP), Prague-Smichov (PRG-SM) (city centre) and Prague-Libus (PRG-LB) (suburban area). The following short-term in vitro assays with strikingly different endpoints were used: a bacterial mutagenicity test using the Salmonella typhimurium tester strain TA98 and YG1041, an acellular assay (CT DNA) combined with P-32-postlabelling to evaluate DNA adduct-forming potency and the chick embryotoxicity screening test (CHEST), The results of the mutagenicity test with the YG1041 strain, the acellular genotoxicity (DNA adducts) and the embryotoxicity tests responded to the amount of eight carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) analysed in the EOM (dichloromethane extractable organic matter) samples tested. Nevertheless, the biological effects of the EOM did not differ between locations. The highest biological activity of the ambient air in terms of organic compounds associated with particles (per unit volume of air) was seen in the Prague city centre during both summer and winter seasons. At this location, B[a]P concentration ranged from 0.1 to 8.9 ng/m(3) (mean 0.3 and 3.6 ng/m(3) for summer and winter seasons, respectively), 13 PAHs ranged from 11 to 343 ng/m(3) (mean 52 and 160 ng/m3 for summer and winter seasons, respectively). Generally, using in vitro tests, higher ambient air activity was found in the winter season as compared with the summer season at all three monitoring sites (TA98 +S9, similar to4-fold; YG1041 -S9, similar to5-fold; YG1041 +S9, similar to8-fold; CT DNA +S9, similar to10-fold; CHEST, similar to10-fold, B[a]P, carcinogenic PAHs and total PAHs analysed, more than 10-fold). The different proportions of individual PAHs found in the summer and winter samples suggested traffic as a major emission source in the summer and, additionally, residential heating in the winter season at all three monitoring sites. The DNA adduct patterns resulting from the in vitro acellular assay also demonstrated similar major emission sources at all three locations. The study shows that particle-bound carcinogenic-PAH concentrations may be taken as an index for the biologically active (mutagenic, genotoxic, embryotoxic) components in air particulate samples. Therefore, high-quality monitoring data of carcinogenic PAHs may be useful for epidemiological studies of the impact of air pollution on the health of the population and for helping decision makers to improve our environment. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.