Detection of poliovirus circulation by environmental surveillance in the absence of clinical cases in Israel and the Palestinian Authority
Detection of poliovirus circulation by environmental surveillance in the absence of clinical cases in Israel and the Palestinian Authority
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DOI：
10.1128/jcm.37.6.1670-1675.1999
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发表时间：
1999-06-01
影响因子：
9.4
通讯作者：
Mendelson, E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Manor, Y;Handsher, R;Mendelson, E
据信在2000年左右可在全球根除脊髓灰质炎，这依赖于包括高常规免疫覆盖率和大规模疫苗接种运动在内的战略，沿着利用基于实验室的急性弛缓性麻痹（AFP）监测持续监测野生型病毒的传播。以色列和巴勒斯坦权力机构所处的地理区域内，脊髓灰质炎病毒仍然流行，但由于强化免疫方案和大规模疫苗接种运动，自1988年以来已无脊髓灰质炎。为了监测野生型病毒的传播，1989年开始对全国25至30个地点每月收集的污水样品进行环境监测，1994年开始对AFP进行监测。污水样品在实验室中进行处理，采用双选择性组织培养系统，这使得大量样品的经济处理成为可能。在1989年至1997年期间，处理了2，294个样本，并在1990年9月（3型）、1991年5月至9月（1型）、1994年10月至1995年6月（1型）和1996年12月（1型）四个集群中的17个样本中分离出野生型脊髓灰质炎病毒，称为“无声暴发”。17个阳性样本中有15个是在加沙地带采集的，1个是在西岸采集的，1个是在靠近加沙地带的以色列城市阿什杜德采集的。AFP监测系统未能检测到流行的野生型病毒。这些发现进一步强调了环境监测在监测根除脊髓灰质炎病毒方面发挥的重要作用。
The global eradication of poliomyelitis, believed to be achievable around the year 2000, relies on strategies which include high routine immunization coverage and mass vaccination campaigns, along with continuous monitoring of wild-type virus circulation by using the laboratory-based acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) surveillance. Israel and the Palestinian Authority are located in a geographical region in which poliovirus is still endemic but have been free of poliomyelitis since 1988 as a result of intensive immunization programs and mass vaccination campaigns. To monitor the wild-type virus circulation, environmental surveillance of sewage samples collected monthly from 25 to 30 sites across the country was implemented in 1989 and AFP surveillance began in 1994. The sewage samples were processed in tie laboratory with a double-selective tissue culture system, which enabled economical processing of large number of samples. Between 1989 and 1997, 2,294 samples were processed, and wild-type poliovirus was isolated from 17 of them in four clusters, termed "silent outbreaks," in September 1990 (type 3), between May and September 1991 (type 1), between October 1994 and June 1995 (type 1), and in December 1996 (type 1). Fifteen of the 17 positive samples were collected in the Gaza Strip, 1 was collected in the West Bank, and 1 was collected in the Israeli city of Ashdod, located close to the Gaza Strip. The AFP surveillance system failed to detect the circulating wild-type viruses. These findings further emphasize the important role that environmental surveillance ran play in monitoring the eradication of polioviruses.