Children's well-being 11 years after the Chornobyl catastrophe
Children's well-being 11 years after the Chornobyl catastrophe
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DOI：
10.1001/archpsyc.57.6.563
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发表时间：
2000-06-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Schwartz, JE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bromet, EJ;Goldgaber, D;Schwartz, JE
背景：技术灾难对儿童的心理影响很少被研究。这项研究评估了1986年切尔诺贝利灾难对从核电站周围污染区疏散到基辅的儿童的影响。方法：1997年，我们在基辅评估了灾难发生时居住在切尔诺贝利附近的310至12岁的子宫内或婴儿（撤离者）和300名性别匹配的从未居住在辐射污染地区的同班同学。应答率为92%（撤离者）和85%（同学）。数据来自儿童、母亲和教师，使用标准的幸福感和儿童精神病理学风险因素测量。这些儿童还接受了身体检查和基本血液检查。结果：除了切尔诺贝利相关焦虑症状和学业能力外，疏散者和同学的心理健康状况相似。在爱荷华州康纳斯教师评定量表上没有发现差异。虽然体格检查和血液测试结果正常，但被疏散的母亲认为他们的孩子的健康状况明显更差，特别是在儿童躯体化清单和儿童行为检查表上的躯体症状方面。这些评分最重要的危险因素是母亲躯体化和切尔诺贝利相关的压力。结论：考虑到疏散家庭所面临的多重压力经历，儿童自我报告的微小差异表明这些儿童的生活中存在保护因素。母亲所经历的创伤反映在她们对子女幸福的看法上，特别是身体症状，但没有传染给子女本身。
Background: The psychological effects of technological disasters have rarely been studied in children. This study assessed the aftermath of the 1986 Chornobyl disaster in children evacuated to Kyiv from the contaminated zone surrounding the nuclear power facility.Methods: In 1997, we evaluated three hundred 10- to 12-year-old children in Kyiv who were in utero or infants at the time of the disaster and who had resided near Chornobyl (evacuees) and 300 sex-matched homeroom classmates who had never lived in a radiation-contaminated area. Response rates were 92% (evacuees) and 85% (classmates). Data were obtained from children, mothers, and teachers using standard measures of well-being and risk factors for childhood psychopathology. The children also received physical examinations and basic blood tests.Results: The evacuees and classmates perceived their mental health similarly except for Chornobyl-related anxiety symptoms and perceived scholastic competence. No differences were found on the Iowa Conners' Teacher Rating Scale. Although the physical examination and blood test results were normal, the evacuee mothers rated their children's well-being as significantly worse, especially with respect to somatic symptoms on the Children's Somatization Inventory and Child Behavior Checklist. The most important risk factors for these ratings were maternal somatization and Chornobyl-related stress.Conclusions: Given the multiple stressful experiences to which evacuee families were exposed, the small differences in the children's self-reports suggest that there are protective factors in the lives of these children. The trauma experienced by the mothers was reflected in their perceptions of their children's well-being particularly somatic symptoms, but was not transmitted to the children themselves.