Inhaled matters of the heart.
Inhaled matters of the heart.
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DOI：
10.14800/crm.997
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发表时间：
2015-09
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
A. Zaky;A. Ahmad;L. Dell’Italia;Leila Jahromi;Lee Ann Reisenberg;S. Matalon;Shama Ahmad
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Zaky;A. Ahmad;L. Dell’Italia;Leila Jahromi;Lee Ann Reisenberg;S. Matalon;Shama Ahmad
众所周知，吸入大气污染物，尤其是颗粒物，会导致严重的心脏影响并加剧已有的心脏病。心力衰竭是吸入一氧化碳等气体的重要后遗症。同样，已知其他气体（例如二氧化硫）会导致有害的心血管事件。然而，这些心脏毒性的机制迄今为止尚不清楚。心脏对氧化应激的敏感性增加可能起了一定作用。与其他器官相比，心脏中的抗氧化剂水平较低，并且由于心肌的高能量需求和代谢率而产生高水平的活性氧，对于导致这种易感性很重要。急性吸入高浓度的卤素气体通常是致命的。吸入卤素气体（例如氯和溴）会导致严重的呼吸损伤和窘迫；然而，对其心脏影响的研究还很少。我们已经证明，吸入高浓度的卤素气体会导致严重的心脏损伤、功能障碍和衰竭，这对于导致接触后死亡至关重要。我们的研究还表明，心脏功能障碍是由于直接损伤而发生的，与共存的缺氧无关，因为它不能通过补充氧气完全逆转。因此，对吸入有毒气体的异位器官影响的研究可能会影响意外或故意接触这些物质时治疗策略的制定。在这里，我们总结了常见吸入有毒气体对心血管影响的知识，旨在强调在治疗受害者时考虑心脏症状的重要性。
Inhalations of atmospheric pollutants, especially particulate matters, are known to cause severe cardiac effects and to exacerbate preexisting heart disease. Heart failure is an important sequellae of gaseous inhalation such as that of carbon monoxide. Similarly, other gases such as sulphur dioxide are known to cause detrimental cardiovascular events. However, mechanisms of these cardiac toxicities are so far unknown. Increased susceptibility of the heart to oxidative stress may play a role. Low levels of antioxidants in the heart as compared to other organs and high levels of reactive oxygen species produced due to the high energetic demand and metabolic rate in cardiac muscle are important in rendering this susceptibility. Acute inhalation of high concentrations of halogen gases is often fatal. Severe respiratory injury and distress occurs upon inhalation of halogens gases, such as chlorine and bromine; however, studies on their cardiac effects are scant. We have demonstrated that inhalation of high concentrations of halogen gases cause significant cardiac injury, dysfunction, and failure that can be critical in causing mortalities following exposures. Our studies also demonstrated that cardiac dysfunction occurs as a result of a direct insult independent of coexisting hypoxia, since it is not fully reversed by oxygen supplementation. Therefore, studies on offsite organ effects of inhaled toxic gases can impact development of treatment strategies upon accidental or deliberate exposures to these agents. Here we summarize the knowledge of cardiovascular effects of common inhaled toxic gases with the intent to highlight the importance of consideration of cardiac symptoms while treating the victims.